{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088808847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2020.3026335","title":"AppDNA: Profiling App Behavior via Deep-Learning Function Call Graphs","display_name":"AppDNA: Profiling App Behavior via Deep-Learning Function Call Graphs","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088808847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2020.3026335","mag":"3088808847"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2020.3026335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2020.3026335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000173131","display_name":"Anran Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-4153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anran Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108654030","display_name":"Shuangshuang Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuangshuang Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341802","display_name":"Xiang\u2010Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6070-6625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang-Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100322320","display_name":"Lan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-8588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081912397","display_name":"Jianwei Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-3632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000173131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9092,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7439763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"414","last_page":"427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8133292198181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.7562874555587769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.6440777778625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5233118534088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.5014522075653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4929516315460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.48626482486724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/call-graph","display_name":"Call graph","score":0.4832625985145569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4656307101249695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/app-store","display_name":"App store","score":0.42017853260040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.36020416021347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32206982374191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1899343729019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12435421347618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10801243782043457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8133292198181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.7562874555587769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6440777778625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5233118534088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.5014522075653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4929516315460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.48626482486724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102379954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2589940","display_name":"Call graph","level":2,"score":0.4832625985145569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4656307101249695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779794324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814081","display_name":"App store","level":2,"score":0.42017853260040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36020416021347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32206982374191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1899343729019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12435421347618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10801243782043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2020.3026335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2020.3026335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1980285867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0803400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3423709866","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61932016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3930769006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61625205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334953","funder_display_name":"China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G495324215","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61822209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5814277799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61520106007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7438368017","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QYZDY-SSW-JSC002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338202","funder_display_name":"Key Research Program of Frontier Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7899093858","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61751211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334953","display_name":"China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists","ror":"https://ror.org/01pab2602"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338202","display_name":"Key Research Program of Frontier Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1124708747","https://openalex.org/W1501856433","https://openalex.org/W1545528966","https://openalex.org/W1553801604","https://openalex.org/W1943233084","https://openalex.org/W2017281925","https://openalex.org/W2027538101","https://openalex.org/W2052684427","https://openalex.org/W2053001225","https://openalex.org/W2060692877","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2068211976","https://openalex.org/W2078197322","https://openalex.org/W2085577046","https://openalex.org/W2092942461","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2122672392","https://openalex.org/W2142145056","https://openalex.org/W2142498761","https://openalex.org/W2144994235","https://openalex.org/W2154851992","https://openalex.org/W2166901988","https://openalex.org/W2168103835","https://openalex.org/W2227887088","https://openalex.org/W2244807774","https://openalex.org/W2535386169","https://openalex.org/W2544992706","https://openalex.org/W2546750171","https://openalex.org/W2612281133","https://openalex.org/W2735043505","https://openalex.org/W2736179236","https://openalex.org/W2752566459","https://openalex.org/W2790911692","https://openalex.org/W2949457227","https://openalex.org/W2956671774","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2964136807","https://openalex.org/W3104097132","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W4232932184","https://openalex.org/W4244726870","https://openalex.org/W4256462051","https://openalex.org/W4300882602","https://openalex.org/W6681029592","https://openalex.org/W6690815549","https://openalex.org/W6753073829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2468279273","https://openalex.org/W2354198838","https://openalex.org/W1989130879","https://openalex.org/W2103419012","https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W1764168690","https://openalex.org/W2988126442","https://openalex.org/W3152891574","https://openalex.org/W4284893819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41],"growing":[1],"number":[2],"and":[3,10,51,66,87,133],"diversity":[4],"of":[5,59,90],"applications":[6],"make":[7],"malware":[8,62],"detection":[9],"app":[11,35,64,67,80,115,128,144],"recommendation":[12],"for":[13,33,48,55,142],"users":[14],"more":[15],"challenging.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18],"work,":[19],"we":[20],"design":[21,95],"a":[22,30,56,78,85,96,101,107,155],"framework":[23],"<sc":[24],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[25,71],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">AppDNA</small>":[26],"to":[27,36,76,99,106,112,145,153],"automatically":[28],"generate":[29],"compact":[31],"representation":[32,43],"each":[34,49],"comprehensively":[37],"profile":[38],"its":[39,147],"behaviors.":[40,93],"versatile":[42],"can":[44],"be":[45,53],"generated":[46],"once":[47],"app,":[50],"then":[52],"used":[54],"wide":[57],"variety":[58],"objectives,":[60],"including":[61],"detection,":[63,69],"categorization":[65],"version":[68],"<italic":[70],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">etc</i>":[72],".":[73],"We":[74,94],"propose":[75],"conduct":[77],"function-call-graph-based":[79],"profiling":[81,129],"scheme":[82],"based":[83],"on":[84,120],"comprehensive":[86],"deep":[88],"understanding":[89],"an":[91],"app\u2019s":[92],"graph-encoding":[97],"method":[98],"convert":[100],"large":[102],"function":[103,148,156],"call":[104,149,157],"graph":[105],"64-dimensional":[108],"fixed":[109],"length":[110],"vector":[111],"achieve":[113],"robust":[114],"profiling.":[116],"Our":[117],"extensive":[118],"evaluations":[119],"86,332":[121],"apps":[122,164],"demonstrate":[123],"that":[124],"our":[125],"approach":[126],"performs":[127],"with":[130,169,189,201,209],"high":[131],"accuracy":[132,170,190,202,210],"low":[134],"computation":[135],"cost:":[136],"it":[137,159,174,193],"takes":[138],"about":[139,171],"46.5":[140],"seconds":[141,152,168,188],"one":[143],"extract":[146],"graph;":[150,158],"0.68":[151],"encode":[154],"classifies":[160,175,194],"all":[161,176],"4,024":[162],"(benign/malware)":[163],"in":[165,183,185],"around":[166,186],"5.06":[167],"93.07":[172],"percent;":[173,192],"570":[177],"malicious":[178],"apps\u2019":[179,196],"family":[180],"(21":[181],"families":[182],"total)":[184],"0.83":[187],"82.3":[191],"9,730":[195],"functionality":[197],"into":[198,206],"2":[199],"categories":[200,208],"88.1":[203],"percent":[204],"or":[205],"7":[207],"33.3":[211],"percent.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}