{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3020476647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2020.2989699","title":"Low-Power Approximate Logarithmic Squaring Circuit Design for DSP Applications","display_name":"Low-Power Approximate Logarithmic Squaring Circuit Design for DSP Applications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3020476647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2020.2989699","mag":"3020476647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2020.2989699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2020.2989699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067842678","display_name":"Mohammad Saeed Ansari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-359X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Saeed Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013568704","display_name":"B.F. Cockburn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4340-8394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce F. Cockburn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005550142","display_name":"Jie Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8849-4994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067842678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.83,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7228473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"500","last_page":"506"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.7698055505752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.7155336141586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.6384210586547852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.5528266429901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48030751943588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4703785479068756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40675634145736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.40227562189102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.40085723996162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.33153408765792847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.20742157101631165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10894593596458435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.7698055505752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.7155336141586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.6384210586547852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.5528266429901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48030751943588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4703785479068756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40675634145736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.40227562189102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40085723996162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.33153408765792847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.20742157101631165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10894593596458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2020.2989699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2020.2989699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3500963698","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RES0025211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1937403678","https://openalex.org/W2016426174","https://openalex.org/W2067849424","https://openalex.org/W2074056143","https://openalex.org/W2096864090","https://openalex.org/W2111013824","https://openalex.org/W2123135716","https://openalex.org/W2138278630","https://openalex.org/W2790285612","https://openalex.org/W2799283557","https://openalex.org/W2945065183","https://openalex.org/W2946711010","https://openalex.org/W2979641349","https://openalex.org/W2980235527","https://openalex.org/W3006344624","https://openalex.org/W4235436861","https://openalex.org/W4247640157"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390550886","https://openalex.org/W3217463396","https://openalex.org/W2790557758","https://openalex.org/W2516396101","https://openalex.org/W3204929712","https://openalex.org/W4295102875","https://openalex.org/W2015457513","https://openalex.org/W3196607417","https://openalex.org/W2013839957","https://openalex.org/W2998285539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"squaring":[1,25,61,141,156],"function":[2,26,82,142],"is":[3,100,124,166],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,40,74,97,175,190],"Digital":[7],"Signal":[8],"Processing":[9],"(DSP).":[10],"There":[11],"are":[12,158],"many":[13],"DSP":[14],"applications":[15],"with":[16,83,108],"noisy":[17],"inputs":[18],"for":[19,113,160],"which":[20,193],"simplifying":[21],"approximations":[22],"of":[23],"the":[24,33,41,58,105,121,130,136,161,181,185,191],"implementation":[27],"have":[28],"a":[29,47,66,79,84,101,109],"minor":[30],"impact":[31],"on":[32],"output":[34],"quality,":[35],"while":[36,143],"permitting":[37],"significant":[38],"reductions":[39],"hardware":[42,55,114],"cost.":[43],"This":[44],"article":[45],"proposes":[46],"Low-Error":[48],"Squaring":[49],"Function":[50],"(LESF)":[51],"and":[52,147,153],"its":[53],"low-power":[54],"implementation.":[56],"Unlike":[57],"existing":[59],"logarithmic":[60,81,140,155],"functions,":[62],"LESF":[63,77,103,123,152,165],"benefits":[64],"from":[65],"double-sided":[67],"error":[68,72,133,197],"distribution":[69],"and,":[70],"consequently,":[71],"cancellation":[73],"larger":[75],"calculations.":[76],"approximates":[78],"base-2":[80],"linear":[85],"polynomial,":[86],"i.e.,":[87],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[88,95],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mathrm{log_2}\\;f(x)":[89],"\\approx":[90],"ax+b$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[91],".":[92],"Since":[93],"input":[94],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$b$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[96],"this":[98,176],"sum":[99],"constant,":[102],"replaces":[104],"conventional":[106],"full-adder":[107],"compact":[110],"specialized":[111],"adder":[112],"efficiency.":[115],"Our":[116],"simulation":[117],"results":[118],"show":[119],"that":[120],"16-bit":[122],"23.23":[125],"percent":[126,149],"more":[127,150,170,173],"accurate":[128,174,188],"(in":[129],"mean":[131],"relative":[132],"distance)":[134,183],"than":[135,171,184],"baseline":[137],"Mitchell":[138],"approximate":[139],"being":[144],"1.8\u00d7":[145],"faster":[146],"39":[148],"energy-efficient.":[151],"other":[154],"functions":[157],"evaluated":[159],"square-law":[162],"detector":[163],"application.":[164],"shown":[167],"to":[168,180],"be":[169],"3\u00d7":[172],"application":[177],"(with":[178],"respect":[179],"Euclidean":[182],"next":[186],"most":[187],"design":[189],"literature,":[192],"uses":[194],"an":[195],"iterative":[196],"compensation":[198],"technique.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}