{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2999925166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2020.2965079","title":"Probabilistic Interpolation Recoder for Energy-Error-Product Efficient DBNs With p-Bit Devices","display_name":"Probabilistic Interpolation Recoder for Energy-Error-Product Efficient DBNs With p-Bit Devices","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2999925166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2020.2965079","mag":"2999925166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2020.2965079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2020.2965079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072756768","display_name":"Hossein Pourmeidani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-9416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Pourmeidani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-9416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063031794","display_name":"Shadi Sheikhfaal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0216-4303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shadi Sheikhfaal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0216-4303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115597960","display_name":"Ramtin Zand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1786-1152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramtin Zand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1786-1152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069017725","display_name":"Ronald F. DeMara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6864-7255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald F. DeMara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6864-7255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072756768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1759,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89929647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"2146","last_page":"2157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.6835946440696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6758253574371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6431489586830139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.4944589138031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47419577836990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.42214006185531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34094834327697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.2573719024658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20793476700782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1893012821674347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13881811499595642}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.6835946440696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6758253574371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6431489586830139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.4944589138031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47419577836990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.42214006185531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34094834327697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2573719024658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20793476700782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1893012821674347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13881811499595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2020.2965079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2020.2965079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W981225215","https://openalex.org/W1515011322","https://openalex.org/W1964812476","https://openalex.org/W2010052203","https://openalex.org/W2017217901","https://openalex.org/W2019021205","https://openalex.org/W2024894333","https://openalex.org/W2038181916","https://openalex.org/W2042492924","https://openalex.org/W2062258233","https://openalex.org/W2100717332","https://openalex.org/W2131763976","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2146612957","https://openalex.org/W2156728623","https://openalex.org/W2219959730","https://openalex.org/W2331737637","https://openalex.org/W2404427863","https://openalex.org/W2526812109","https://openalex.org/W2534684513","https://openalex.org/W2588191434","https://openalex.org/W2615398246","https://openalex.org/W2735639288","https://openalex.org/W2766775637","https://openalex.org/W2807384691","https://openalex.org/W2883208517","https://openalex.org/W2900107619","https://openalex.org/W2903130333","https://openalex.org/W2946047477","https://openalex.org/W2962811827","https://openalex.org/W2963588827","https://openalex.org/W2971533524","https://openalex.org/W2980034233","https://openalex.org/W3013407975","https://openalex.org/W3103922978","https://openalex.org/W3104135012","https://openalex.org/W3125659218","https://openalex.org/W3173836593","https://openalex.org/W6679951043","https://openalex.org/W6683132901","https://openalex.org/W6767164273","https://openalex.org/W7018067816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950475743","https://openalex.org/W4386603768","https://openalex.org/W2886711096","https://openalex.org/W4380078352","https://openalex.org/W3046591097","https://openalex.org/W2590796488","https://openalex.org/W4389249638","https://openalex.org/W2733410219","https://openalex.org/W2734358244","https://openalex.org/W4241196849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,169],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"a":[3,36,48,91,113],"probabilistic":[4,17,69],"interpolation":[5,106,167,210],"recoder":[6],"(PIR)":[7],"circuit":[8,44,98,132,137],"is":[9,99],"developed":[10],"for":[11,47,104,198],"deep":[12],"belief":[13],"networks":[14],"(DBNs)":[15],"with":[16],"spin":[18],"logic":[19],"(p-bit)-based":[20],"neurons.":[21],"To":[22],"verify":[23],"the":[24,28,31,53,62,68,72,82,128,161,166,189,195],"functionality":[25],"and":[26,86,143,150,185],"evaluate":[27],"performance":[29],"of":[30,71,135,160,194],"PIRs,":[32],"we":[33],"have":[34],"implemented":[35],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[37],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$784":[38],"\\times":[39,41],"200":[40],"10$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[42],"DBN":[43],"in":[45,61,90,147,165],"SPICE":[46],"pattern":[49],"recognition":[50],"application":[51],"using":[52,112,158],"MNIST":[54],"dataset.":[55],"The":[56,96,131],"PIR":[57,97,136,171,196],"circuits":[58,172,197],"are":[59,75,202],"leveraged":[60],"last":[63],"hidden":[64],"layer":[65],"to":[66,116,126,154,181,204,208],"interpolate":[67],"output":[70,78,84],"neurons,":[73],"which":[74,108],"representing":[76],"different":[77],"classes,":[79],"through":[80],"sampling":[81,93],"p-bit's":[83],"values":[85],"then":[87],"counting":[88],"them":[89],"defined":[92],"time":[94],"window.":[95],"proposed":[100],"as":[101],"an":[102,123,174],"alternative":[103],"conventional":[105,209],"methods":[107],"were":[109],"based":[110],"on":[111],"resistor-capacitor":[114],"tank":[115],"integrate":[117],"each":[118],"neuron's":[119],"output,":[120],"followed":[121],"by":[122],"analog-to-digital":[124],"converter":[125],"generate":[127],"digital":[129],"output.":[130,191],"simulation":[133],"results":[134],"exhibit":[138],"at":[139,188],"least":[140],"54,":[141],"81,":[142],"78":[144],"percent":[145],"reductions":[146],"power,":[148],"energy,":[149],"energy-error-product,":[151],"respectively,":[152],"compared":[153],"previous":[155],"techniques,":[156],"without":[157,211],"any":[159],"area-consuming":[162],"analog":[163],"components":[164],"circuit.":[168],"addition,":[170],"provide":[173],"inherent":[175],"single":[176,199],"stuck-at":[177,200],"fault":[178],"tolerant":[179],"feature":[180],"mitigate":[182],"both":[183],"transient":[184],"permanent":[186],"faults":[187,201],"circuit's":[190],"Reliability":[192],"properties":[193],"shown":[203],"be":[205],"enhanced":[206],"relative":[207],"requiring":[212],"hardware":[213],"redundancy.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}