{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2940752008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2019.2910086","title":"Windows Malware Detector Using Convolutional Neural Network Based on Visualization Images","display_name":"Windows Malware Detector Using Convolutional Neural Network Based on Visualization Images","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2940752008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2019.2910086","mag":"2940752008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2019.2910086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2019.2910086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075659264","display_name":"S. L. Shiva Darshan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9556-1342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11880225","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Karnataka","ror":"https://ror.org/01hz4v948","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiva Darshan S.L","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9556-1342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007313236","display_name":"Jaidhar C.D","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11880225","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Karnataka","ror":"https://ror.org/01hz4v948","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaidhar C.D","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6754,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95702721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"1057","last_page":"1069"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8991783857345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8804556131362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7136000394821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6556622982025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6488643288612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.6307802200317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.47377514839172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.46469590067863464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4557480812072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43335282802581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36731284856796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15124458074569702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8991783857345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8804556131362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7136000394821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6556622982025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6488643288612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.6307802200317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47377514839172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.46469590067863464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4557480812072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43335282802581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36731284856796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15124458074569702}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2019.2910086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2019.2910086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83212619","https://openalex.org/W1493503294","https://openalex.org/W1581009051","https://openalex.org/W1666731339","https://openalex.org/W1808644423","https://openalex.org/W1851403712","https://openalex.org/W1893133781","https://openalex.org/W1981883771","https://openalex.org/W2003094813","https://openalex.org/W2010065958","https://openalex.org/W2012132268","https://openalex.org/W2029653641","https://openalex.org/W2030806251","https://openalex.org/W2042742130","https://openalex.org/W2047167450","https://openalex.org/W2055821558","https://openalex.org/W2079215333","https://openalex.org/W2111038628","https://openalex.org/W2121749752","https://openalex.org/W2129650357","https://openalex.org/W2132874238","https://openalex.org/W2141577524","https://openalex.org/W2144112223","https://openalex.org/W2215444025","https://openalex.org/W2276272452","https://openalex.org/W2280242822","https://openalex.org/W2344905779","https://openalex.org/W2435251607","https://openalex.org/W2469469599","https://openalex.org/W2508015754","https://openalex.org/W2521705161","https://openalex.org/W2538108907","https://openalex.org/W2545965848","https://openalex.org/W2557513839","https://openalex.org/W2564494760","https://openalex.org/W2576498804","https://openalex.org/W2577155794","https://openalex.org/W2583918649","https://openalex.org/W2586571469","https://openalex.org/W2618353736","https://openalex.org/W2734713605","https://openalex.org/W2744461761","https://openalex.org/W2747715470","https://openalex.org/W2761652379","https://openalex.org/W2766465617","https://openalex.org/W2770502925","https://openalex.org/W2783707758","https://openalex.org/W2789326120","https://openalex.org/W2791879367","https://openalex.org/W2792657554","https://openalex.org/W2796394805","https://openalex.org/W2801888526","https://openalex.org/W2805511146","https://openalex.org/W2808828210","https://openalex.org/W6678051712","https://openalex.org/W6717827561","https://openalex.org/W6719924153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350278424","https://openalex.org/W2071432835","https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W4234371507","https://openalex.org/W4299534542","https://openalex.org/W1628824497","https://openalex.org/W4239401009","https://openalex.org/W2053441600","https://openalex.org/W1995118279","https://openalex.org/W4240624848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,150,164],"evolution":[1],"of":[2,138,160,195],"malware":[3,47,95,126,176],"is":[4,21,34,108],"continuing":[5],"at":[6],"an":[7],"alarming":[8],"rate,":[9],"despite":[10],"the":[11,30,72,77,82,133,139,158,161,169,186],"efforts":[12],"made":[13],"towards":[14],"detecting":[15,102],"and":[16,81,88,146],"mitigating":[17],"them.":[18],"Malware":[19],"analysis":[20],"needed":[22],"to":[23,65,144,156],"defend":[24],"against":[25],"its":[26],"sophisticated":[27,113],"behaviour.":[28],"However,":[29],"manual":[31],"heuristic":[32],"inspection":[33],"no":[35],"longer":[36],"effective":[37,173],"or":[38],"efficient.":[39],"To":[40],"cope":[41],"with":[42,50],"these":[43],"critical":[44],"issues,":[45],"behaviour-based":[46],"detection":[48,86,96,193],"approaches":[49],"machine":[51,93],"learning":[52,106],"techniques":[53,97],"have":[54,98],"been":[55,129],"widely":[56],"adopted":[57],"as":[58],"a":[59,119],"solution.":[60],"It":[61,191],"involves":[62],"supervised":[63],"classifiers":[64],"appraise":[66],"their":[67,104],"predictive":[68],"performance":[69],"on":[70],"gaining":[71],"most":[73],"relevant":[74],"features":[75,137,183],"from":[76],"original":[78],"features'":[79],"set":[80],"trade-off":[83],"between":[84],"high":[85],"rate":[87],"low":[89],"computation":[90],"overhead.":[91],"Though":[92],"learning-based":[94],"exhibited":[99],"success":[100],"in":[101,111,116,174],"malware,":[103],"shallow":[105],"architecture":[107],"still":[109],"deficient":[110],"identifying":[112],"malware.":[114,149],"Therefore,":[115],"this":[117],"paper,":[118],"Convolutional":[120],"Neural":[121],"Network":[122],"(CNN)":[123],"based":[124],"Windows":[125],"detector":[127],"has":[128],"proposed":[130,162,170],"that":[131,168],"uses":[132],"execution":[134],"time":[135],"behavioural":[136,182],"Portable":[140],"Executable":[141],"(PE)":[142],"files":[143,178],"detect":[145],"classify":[147],"obscure":[148],"10-fold":[151],"cross-validation":[152],"tests":[153],"were":[154],"conducted":[155],"assess":[157],"proficiency":[159],"approach.":[163],"experimental":[165],"results":[166],"showed":[167],"approach":[171],"was":[172],"uncovering":[175],"PE":[177],"by":[179,185],"utilizing":[180],"significant":[181],"suggested":[184],"Relief":[187],"Feature":[188],"Selection":[189],"Technique.":[190],"attained":[192],"accuracy":[194],"97.968":[196],"percent.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}