{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2320015927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2016.2551044","title":"Timing Attack and Countermeasure on NEMS Relay Based Design of Block Ciphers","display_name":"Timing Attack and Countermeasure on NEMS Relay Based Design of Block Ciphers","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2320015927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2016.2551044","mag":"2320015927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2016.2551044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2016.2551044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103257320","display_name":"Bodhisatwa Mazumdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1833-4725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bodhisatwa Mazumdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, Abu Dhabi"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1833-4725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Abu Dhabi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081952251","display_name":"Samah Mohamed Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8107-3644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150356","display_name":"University of Washington Tacoma","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8t2628","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210150356"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samah Mohamed Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Tacoma"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Tacoma","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150356"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039350964","display_name":"Sk Subidh Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-4455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sk Subidh Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, Abu Dhabi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Abu Dhabi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059987567","display_name":"Ozgur Sinanoglu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-0397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozgur Sinanoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, Abu Dhabi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Abu Dhabi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103257320"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3199,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55025492,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"317","last_page":"328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7319267392158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoelectromechanical-systems","display_name":"Nanoelectromechanical systems","score":0.6483163237571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cipher","display_name":"Cipher","score":0.6467147469520569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-cipher","display_name":"Block cipher","score":0.6334158182144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5504072308540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.4761255383491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.452066034078598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stream-cipher","display_name":"Stream cipher","score":0.4441545903682709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-encryption-standard","display_name":"Advanced Encryption Standard","score":0.44101038575172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vhdl","display_name":"VHDL","score":0.41764628887176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3804187774658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.3519681692123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.25131022930145264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.22330808639526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17716333270072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.15918958187103271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.15593639016151428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12878566980361938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7319267392158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173409883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175593","display_name":"Nanoelectromechanical systems","level":4,"score":0.6483163237571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681865","display_name":"Cipher","level":3,"score":0.6467147469520569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.6334158182144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5504072308540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.4761255383491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.452066034078598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92950451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864718","display_name":"Stream cipher","level":3,"score":0.4441545903682709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94520183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190746","display_name":"Advanced Encryption Standard","level":3,"score":0.44101038575172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36941000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209455","display_name":"VHDL","level":3,"score":0.41764628887176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3804187774658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.3519681692123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.25131022930145264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.22330808639526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17716333270072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.15918958187103271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.15593639016151428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12878566980361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15083742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261659","display_name":"Nanomedicine","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2016.2551044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2016.2551044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489027369","https://openalex.org/W1519539754","https://openalex.org/W1537808739","https://openalex.org/W1541098965","https://openalex.org/W1556212265","https://openalex.org/W1613874182","https://openalex.org/W1812716741","https://openalex.org/W1944912034","https://openalex.org/W1971971073","https://openalex.org/W1985032679","https://openalex.org/W1994143452","https://openalex.org/W1995184712","https://openalex.org/W2004079116","https://openalex.org/W2009608485","https://openalex.org/W2015166460","https://openalex.org/W2020279094","https://openalex.org/W2021658647","https://openalex.org/W2044404967","https://openalex.org/W2061438988","https://openalex.org/W2077070937","https://openalex.org/W2082286937","https://openalex.org/W2106313286","https://openalex.org/W2109449313","https://openalex.org/W2110475419","https://openalex.org/W2112525359","https://openalex.org/W2127865332","https://openalex.org/W2132493982","https://openalex.org/W2137370202","https://openalex.org/W2137657386","https://openalex.org/W2139008889","https://openalex.org/W2149479807","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2295127892","https://openalex.org/W2480769178","https://openalex.org/W4239175426","https://openalex.org/W4243823432","https://openalex.org/W4246687862","https://openalex.org/W4247544866","https://openalex.org/W4250447890","https://openalex.org/W4253970047","https://openalex.org/W4378744510","https://openalex.org/W6629324062","https://openalex.org/W6631075134","https://openalex.org/W6632274306","https://openalex.org/W6636388380","https://openalex.org/W6676388097","https://openalex.org/W6676826531","https://openalex.org/W6682554491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125214861","https://openalex.org/W2522069694","https://openalex.org/W2059218952","https://openalex.org/W2889511553","https://openalex.org/W1798672631","https://openalex.org/W2698153239","https://openalex.org/W4280572121","https://openalex.org/W2999570828","https://openalex.org/W1573725807","https://openalex.org/W2950447949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scaling":[0],"down":[1],"CMOS":[2,27,44],"technology":[3,14,37],"results":[4],"in":[5],"excessive":[6],"power":[7,23],"dissipation":[8,24],"issues.":[9],"Nanoelectromechanical":[10],"System":[11],"(NEMS)":[12],"relay":[13,36,54,102,197],"is":[15,76,114],"an":[16,167],"alternative":[17],"emerging":[18],"solution":[19],"that":[20,152],"overcomes":[21],"the":[22,58,65,69,90,93,98,181],"limitation":[25],"of":[26,52,68,71,92,100,195],"technology.":[28,45],"However,":[29,61],"despite":[30],"its":[31],"zero":[32],"static":[33],"leakage,":[34],"NEMS":[35,53,101,196],"suffers":[38],"from":[39],"large":[40],"delay":[41,67],"compared":[42],"to":[43,79,116],"Binary":[46],"Decision":[47],"Diagram":[48],"(BDD)":[49],"based":[50,103,193],"implementations":[51,165,194],"design":[55],"targets":[56],"minimizing":[57],"total":[59],"delay.":[60],"this":[62,86],"implementation":[63,158],"renders":[64],"timing":[66,95,110,171,183,189],"output":[70],"a":[72,77,108,176],"BDD":[73,192],"input-dependent,":[74],"which":[75,113,179],"threat":[78],"security-critical":[80],"applications,":[81],"such":[82,188],"as":[83,122,124],"ciphers.":[84,127],"In":[85],"paper,":[87],"we":[88],"analyze":[89],"impact":[91],"input-dependent":[94,182],"variation":[96,184],"on":[97,132,191],"security":[99],"cipher":[104,135,143],"implementations.":[105],"We":[106,128,173],"present":[107],"generalized":[109],"attack":[111,149],"methodology,":[112],"applicable":[115],"both":[117],"Substitution":[118],"Permutation":[119],"Network":[120],"(SPN)":[121],"well":[123],"Feistel":[125,142],"block":[126],"provide":[129],"case":[130],"studies":[131],"state-of-the-art":[133],"SPN":[134],"candidate":[136],"Advanced":[137],"Encryption":[138],"Standard":[139],"(AES)":[140],"and":[141,146,185],"candidates":[144],"Camellia":[145],"DES.":[147],"Our":[148],"analysis":[150],"shows":[151],"compact":[153],"designs":[154],"with":[155],"single":[156],"S-box":[157,164],"can":[159],"be":[160],"compromised,":[161],"while":[162],"parallel":[163],"possess":[166],"inherent":[168],"resistance":[169],"against":[170],"attacks.":[172],"also":[174],"propose":[175],"cost-effective":[177],"countermeasure":[178],"eliminates":[180],"thwarts":[186],"all":[187],"attacks":[190],"design.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
