{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976905670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2014.2387752","title":"Energy Cost Models of Smartphones for Task Offloading to the Cloud","display_name":"Energy Cost Models of Smartphones for Task Offloading to the Cloud","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976905670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2014.2387752","mag":"1976905670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2014.2387752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2014.2387752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068064756","display_name":"Majid Altamimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-3774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majid Altamimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Department of Electrical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000097126","display_name":"Atef Abdrabou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9639-7684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atef Abdrabou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087692639","display_name":"Kshirasagar Naik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-4905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kshirasagar Naik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048076896","display_name":"Amiya Nayak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4605-0500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amiya Nayak","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8026,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97189125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"384","last_page":"398"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8511846661567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7634820342063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7065790891647339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5348331928253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45822298526763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4343223571777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-cloud-computing","display_name":"Mobile cloud computing","score":0.42732903361320496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4207327663898468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.37732869386672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36002856492996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10532635450363159}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8511846661567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7634820342063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7065790891647339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5348331928253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45822298526763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4343223571777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779191767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887075","display_name":"Mobile cloud computing","level":3,"score":0.42732903361320496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4207327663898468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.37732869386672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36002856492996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10532635450363159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2014.2387752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2014.2387752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182605591","https://openalex.org/W1526563806","https://openalex.org/W1608337835","https://openalex.org/W1988801960","https://openalex.org/W1992238494","https://openalex.org/W1992395673","https://openalex.org/W1995294924","https://openalex.org/W2000455568","https://openalex.org/W2005514800","https://openalex.org/W2008465422","https://openalex.org/W2011134407","https://openalex.org/W2012423440","https://openalex.org/W2014699205","https://openalex.org/W2019116263","https://openalex.org/W2027842227","https://openalex.org/W2033811290","https://openalex.org/W2065088268","https://openalex.org/W2065184274","https://openalex.org/W2068857448","https://openalex.org/W2070164835","https://openalex.org/W2078821319","https://openalex.org/W2101903803","https://openalex.org/W2110550421","https://openalex.org/W2112665991","https://openalex.org/W2122170512","https://openalex.org/W2123426484","https://openalex.org/W2124789394","https://openalex.org/W2126462381","https://openalex.org/W2128404326","https://openalex.org/W2129589778","https://openalex.org/W2129636357","https://openalex.org/W2143345392","https://openalex.org/W2155840492","https://openalex.org/W2159619460","https://openalex.org/W2162598825","https://openalex.org/W2163172308","https://openalex.org/W2163898906","https://openalex.org/W2548348270","https://openalex.org/W2554125638","https://openalex.org/W3139748637","https://openalex.org/W3145345010","https://openalex.org/W4230134600","https://openalex.org/W4249621147","https://openalex.org/W6607432528","https://openalex.org/W6631689992","https://openalex.org/W6678641139"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W4205786897","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W4293061881","https://openalex.org/W2160834655","https://openalex.org/W2156381296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Task":[0],"offloading":[1,25,51,104,129],"from":[2,172],"smartphones":[3,17,147,171],"to":[4,11,58,77,83,87,122,188],"the":[5,13,34,37,43,55,60,79,93,97,103,111,114,118,123,136,152,160,185],"cloud":[6],"is":[7,40,57,120],"a":[8,27],"promising":[9],"strategy":[10],"enhance":[12],"computing":[14],"capability":[15],"of":[16,36,45,54,66,96,135,142,149,155,167],"and":[18,139],"prolong":[19],"their":[20],"battery":[21],"life.":[22],"However,":[23],"task":[24,46,50,67,89,112,119,156],"introduces":[26],"communication":[28,38,64,98],"cost":[29,39,95,154],"for":[30,42],"those":[31],"devices.":[32],"Therefore,":[33],"consideration":[35],"crucial":[41],"effectiveness":[44],"offloading.":[47,68,157],"To":[48,125],"make":[49,78,146],"beneficial,":[52],"one":[53],"challenges":[56],"estimate":[59,184],"energy":[61,70,94,108,133,153,186],"consumed":[62],"in":[63],"activities":[65],"Accurate":[69],"estimation":[71,181],"models":[72,134,145,161,182],"will":[73],"enable":[74],"these":[75],"devices":[76],"right":[80],"decisions":[81],"as":[82],"whether":[84],"or":[85],"not":[86],"perform":[88],"offloading,":[90],"based":[91],"on":[92,113,169],"activities.":[99],"Simply":[100],"put,":[101],"if":[102],"process":[105],"consumes":[106],"less":[107],"than":[109],"processing":[110],"device":[115],"itself,":[116],"then":[117],"offloaded":[121],"cloud.":[124],"design":[126],"an":[127,164],"energy-aware":[128],"strategy,":[130],"we":[131],"develop":[132],"WLAN,":[137],"third-generation,":[138],"fourth-generation":[140],"interfaces":[141],"smartphones.":[143],"These":[144],"capable":[148],"accurately":[150,183],"estimating":[151],"We":[158],"validate":[159],"by":[162],"conducting":[163],"extensive":[165],"set":[166],"experiments":[168],"five":[170],"different":[173],"vendors.":[174],"The":[175],"experimental":[176],"results":[177],"show":[178],"that":[179],"our":[180],"required":[187],"offload":[189],"tasks.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
