{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054033602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2014.2316509","title":"A Combined Design-Time/Test-Time Study of the Vulnerability of Sub-Threshold Devices to Low Voltage Fault Attacks","display_name":"A Combined Design-Time/Test-Time Study of the Vulnerability of Sub-Threshold Devices to Low Voltage Fault Attacks","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054033602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2014.2316509","mag":"2054033602"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2014.2316509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2014.2316509","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6245516/6866941/06797908.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6245516/6866941/06797908.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061596244","display_name":"Alessandro Barenghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0840-6358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Barenghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Information and Biotechnology, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","[Department of Electronics, Information and Biotechnology, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Information and Biotechnology, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electronics, Information and Biotechnology, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032321081","display_name":"C\u00e9dric Hocquet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117895437","display_name":"National Instruments (Ireland)","ror":"https://ror.org/03b4j0710","country_code":"IE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117895437","https://openalex.org/I4210117810","https://openalex.org/I4210124763"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cedric Hocquet","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Instruments, Zaventem, Belgium","Nat. Instrum., Zaventem, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Instruments, Zaventem, Belgium","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Instrum., Zaventem, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117895437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065138463","display_name":"David Bol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-1613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Bol","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICTEAM Institute, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","[ICTEAM Institute, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain la neuve, Belgium]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICTEAM Institute, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[ICTEAM Institute, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain la neuve, Belgium]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070542865","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois\u2010Xavier Standaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7444-0285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francois-Xavier Standaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICTEAM Institute, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","[ICTEAM Institute, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain la neuve, Belgium]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICTEAM Institute, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[ICTEAM Institute, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain la neuve, Belgium]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049456178","display_name":"Francesco Regazzoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-0780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Regazzoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, CN, The Netherlands","[Delft University of Technology, Delft, CN, The Netherlands]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, CN, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Delft University of Technology, Delft, CN, The Netherlands]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055210733","display_name":"Israel Koren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2741-7108"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Israel Koren","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst , MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst , MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061596244"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6361,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87270718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"107","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7722199559211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6190525889396667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5098153948783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.4852606952190399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.47473984956741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4743153750896454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-injection","display_name":"Fault injection","score":0.46447598934173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cipher","display_name":"Cipher","score":0.43344253301620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.2563532292842865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2432366907596588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.17903634905815125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10210052132606506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7722199559211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6190525889396667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5098153948783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4852606952190399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.47473984956741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4743153750896454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775928411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041312","display_name":"Fault injection","level":3,"score":0.46447598934173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681865","display_name":"Cipher","level":3,"score":0.43344253301620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.2563532292842865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2432366907596588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.17903634905815125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10210052132606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2014.2316509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2014.2316509","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6245516/6866941/06797908.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:tud:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:d4979779-286c-4f60-8cda-0305f6886913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d4979779-286c-4f60-8cda-0305f6886913","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d4979779-286c-4f60-8cda-0305f6886913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing, 2(2)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.645.9368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.645.9368","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://euler.ecs.umass.edu/research/brk-tetc-2014.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:152586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/152586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401902","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur) and the Universit\u00e9 Saint-Louis (USL-B))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","host_organization_name":"UCLouvain","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing, Vol. 2, no. 2, p. 107-118 (2014)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1003711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1003711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2014.2316509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2014.2316509","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6245516/6866941/06797908.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318621","display_name":"Waalse Gewest","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321390","display_name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","ror":"https://ror.org/03q83t159"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2054033602.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2054033602.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495121609","https://openalex.org/W1556212265","https://openalex.org/W1576037675","https://openalex.org/W1632962055","https://openalex.org/W1651633114","https://openalex.org/W1779923173","https://openalex.org/W1963760937","https://openalex.org/W1972617203","https://openalex.org/W1999528892","https://openalex.org/W2004513455","https://openalex.org/W2031989101","https://openalex.org/W2074545768","https://openalex.org/W2085992264","https://openalex.org/W2095816496","https://openalex.org/W2101368424","https://openalex.org/W2101383248","https://openalex.org/W2103570562","https://openalex.org/W2110162979","https://openalex.org/W2110941647","https://openalex.org/W2112244944","https://openalex.org/W2146081904","https://openalex.org/W2153055408","https://openalex.org/W2162282468","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6629299523","https://openalex.org/W6632100021","https://openalex.org/W6634494012","https://openalex.org/W6636489916","https://openalex.org/W6638158725","https://openalex.org/W6675054364","https://openalex.org/W6676258166","https://openalex.org/W6677036316"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2604133224","https://openalex.org/W4234532445","https://openalex.org/W2062132293","https://openalex.org/W3044620288","https://openalex.org/W2085992264","https://openalex.org/W2092816212","https://openalex.org/W138071016","https://openalex.org/W4200387112","https://openalex.org/W4313287912","https://openalex.org/W2766409813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,115],"continuous":[1],"scaling":[2],"of":[3,32,88,94,107,111,167,174,195,197],"VLSI":[4],"technology":[5],"and":[6,29,50,127,188],"the":[7,25,85,89,92,112,146,151,159,165,175,190,193,198,212,227],"possibility":[8,166],"to":[9,19,47,65,141,155,180,183,209,211],"run":[10],"circuits":[11],"in":[12,129],"subthreshold":[13,131],"voltage":[14,87,132],"range":[15],"make":[16],"it":[17,62,138],"possible":[18,140],"implement":[20],"standard":[21,124],"cryptographic":[22,40],"primitives":[23],"within":[24],"very":[26],"limited":[27],"circuit":[28],"power":[30],"budget":[31],"radio":[33],"frequency":[34],"identification":[35],"(RFID)":[36],"devices.":[37],"However,":[38],"such":[39,184,203],"implementations":[41],"raise":[42],"concerns":[43],"regarding":[44],"their":[45,67],"vulnerability":[46],"both":[48],"active":[49],"passive":[51],"side-channel":[52],"attacks.":[53,72],"In":[54,99],"particular,":[55],"when":[56],"focusing":[57],"on":[58,226],"RFID":[59],"targeted":[60],"designs,":[61],"is":[63,139],"important":[64],"evaluate":[66],"resistance":[68],"against":[69,158],"low-cost":[70,74],"physical":[71],"A":[73],"fault":[75,152,185],"injection":[76,186],"attack":[77],"can":[78],"be":[79,181],"mounted,":[80],"for":[81,218],"example,":[82],"by":[83],"lowering":[84,145],"supply":[86,147],"chip":[90,109,116,176],"with":[91,150,222],"goal":[93],"causing":[95],"setup":[96],"time":[97],"violations.":[98],"this":[100],"paper,":[101],"we":[102],"provide":[103],"an":[104],"in-depth":[105],"characterization":[106],"a":[108,121,130,214,223],"implementation":[110],"AES":[113,160],"cipher.":[114,161],"has":[117],"been":[118],"designed":[119],"using":[120],"65-nm":[122],"low-power":[123],"cell":[125],"library":[126],"operates":[128],"range.":[133],"We":[134,162],"first":[135],"show":[136],"that":[137],"inject":[142],"faults":[143],"(through":[144],"voltage)":[148],"compliant":[149],"models":[153],"required":[154],"perform":[156],"attacks":[157,187],"then":[163],"investigate":[164],"predicting,":[168],"at":[169],"design":[170],"time,":[171],"which":[172],"parts":[173],"are":[177],"more":[178],"likely":[179],"sensitive":[182,204],"produce":[189],"desirable":[191],"(from":[192],"point":[194],"view":[196],"attacker)":[199],"faulty":[200],"behavior.":[201],"Identifying":[202],"logic":[205],"signals":[206],"allows":[207],"us":[208],"suggest":[210],"designer":[213],"tailored":[215],"countermeasure":[216],"strategy":[217],"thwarting":[219],"these":[220],"attacks,":[221],"minimal":[224],"impact":[225],"circuit's":[228],"performance.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}