{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158302200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/test.2010.5699215","title":"QED: Quick Error Detection tests for effective post-silicon validation","display_name":"QED: Quick Error Detection tests for effective post-silicon validation","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158302200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/test.2010.5699215","mag":"2158302200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/test.2010.5699215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/test.2010.5699215","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE International Test Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004764940","display_name":"Ted Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ted Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EE, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","Dept. of EE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EE, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of EE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101989053","display_name":"Yanjing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-0463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanjing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EE, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","Dept. of EE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EE, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of EE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026644501","display_name":"Sung-Boem Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Boem Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065769346","display_name":"Diana Mui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana Mui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EE, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","Dept. of EE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EE, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of EE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043891822","display_name":"David C. Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4492-0944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EE, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","Dept. of EE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EE, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of EE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045724801","display_name":"Ziyad Abdel Kaleq","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyad Abdel Kaleq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of EE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of EE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112619956","display_name":"Nagib Hakim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagib Hakim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034055695","display_name":"Helia Naeimi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helia Naeimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085112010","display_name":"Donald S. Gardner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4886-8031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald S. Gardner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036312663","display_name":"Subhasish Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-5194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhasish Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of CS Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Dept. of EE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of CS Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of EE","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004764940"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96640785,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.7283608913421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6043127179145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.5761539936065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5366290211677551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4486159384250641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2693656086921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09410157799720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08347740769386292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07429072260856628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.7283608913421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6043127179145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.5761539936065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5366290211677551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4486159384250641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2693656086921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09410157799720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08347740769386292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07429072260856628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/test.2010.5699215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/test.2010.5699215","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE International Test Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307102","display_name":"Intel Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500849457","https://openalex.org/W1598765856","https://openalex.org/W1757057169","https://openalex.org/W1864485850","https://openalex.org/W1881765175","https://openalex.org/W1891950198","https://openalex.org/W1974635992","https://openalex.org/W1981393723","https://openalex.org/W1981514768","https://openalex.org/W1983320508","https://openalex.org/W1984960541","https://openalex.org/W2020584063","https://openalex.org/W2066462613","https://openalex.org/W2066929795","https://openalex.org/W2079267582","https://openalex.org/W2083613288","https://openalex.org/W2097472389","https://openalex.org/W2098178883","https://openalex.org/W2098771792","https://openalex.org/W2104536586","https://openalex.org/W2108142671","https://openalex.org/W2110908283","https://openalex.org/W2110919407","https://openalex.org/W2111785162","https://openalex.org/W2113717210","https://openalex.org/W2114179668","https://openalex.org/W2115081151","https://openalex.org/W2116058356","https://openalex.org/W2116059696","https://openalex.org/W2118338314","https://openalex.org/W2120263045","https://openalex.org/W2122146819","https://openalex.org/W2123205813","https://openalex.org/W2126900578","https://openalex.org/W2130189691","https://openalex.org/W2133218998","https://openalex.org/W2136867796","https://openalex.org/W2142843905","https://openalex.org/W2145021036","https://openalex.org/W2145314233","https://openalex.org/W2147556214","https://openalex.org/W2153295660","https://openalex.org/W2153425417","https://openalex.org/W2153554709","https://openalex.org/W2154550022","https://openalex.org/W2156591015","https://openalex.org/W2159004509","https://openalex.org/W2164122783","https://openalex.org/W2168098726","https://openalex.org/W2169631286","https://openalex.org/W2403172928","https://openalex.org/W3147383607","https://openalex.org/W4232307912","https://openalex.org/W4238549726","https://openalex.org/W4243200998","https://openalex.org/W4252048528","https://openalex.org/W4254822137","https://openalex.org/W6676649663","https://openalex.org/W6676832599","https://openalex.org/W6677155578","https://openalex.org/W6678091135","https://openalex.org/W6679146742","https://openalex.org/W6836765637"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Long":[0],"error":[1,12,60,69,117],"detection":[2,61,70,118],"latency,":[3,71],"the":[4,8,143,153,175],"time":[5],"elapsed":[6],"between":[7,68],"occurrence":[9],"of":[10,31,123,128,145,161],"an":[11],"caused":[13],"by":[14,120,151,170],"a":[15,21,25,39,106,131,158],"bug":[16],"and":[17,73,75,102],"its":[18],"manifestation":[19],"as":[20,148],"system-level":[22],"failure,":[23],"is":[24],"major":[26],"challenge":[27],"in":[28,79],"post-silicon":[29,50],"validation":[30,51,55,146],"robust":[32],"systems.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"paper,":[36],"we":[37],"present":[38],"new":[40,54],"technique":[41],"called":[42],"Quick":[43],"Error":[44],"Detection":[45],"(QED),":[46],"which":[47],"transforms":[48],"existing":[49],"tests":[52,56,147,167],"into":[53],"that":[57,173],"significantly":[58,115],"reduce":[59],"latency.":[62],"QED":[63,114,138,166],"transformations":[64,139],"allow":[65],"flexible":[66],"tradeoffs":[67],"coverage,":[72],"complexity,":[74],"can":[76],"be":[77],"implemented":[78],"software":[80],"with":[81],"little":[82],"or":[83,135],"no":[84],"hardware":[85,90,100],"changes.":[86],"Results":[87],"obtained":[88],"from":[89,103,126],"experiments":[91],"on":[92,105],"quad-core":[93],"Intel":[94],"<sup":[95],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[96],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u00ae</sup>":[97],"Core\u2122":[98],"i7":[99],"platforms":[101],"simulations":[104],"multi-core":[107],"MIPS":[108],"processor":[109],"design":[110],"demonstrate":[111],"that:":[112],"1.":[113],"improves":[116],"latencies":[119],"six":[121],"orders":[122],"magnitude,":[124],"i.e.,":[125],"billions":[127],"cycles":[129,134],"to":[130],"few":[132],"thousand":[133],"less.":[136],"2.":[137],"do":[140],"not":[141],"degrade":[142],"coverage":[144,169],"estimated":[149],"empirically":[150],"measuring":[152],"maximum":[154],"operating":[155,162],"frequencies":[156],"over":[157],"wide":[159],"range":[160],"voltage":[163],"points.":[164],"3.":[165],"improve":[168],"detecting":[171],"errors":[172],"escape":[174],"original":[176],"non-QED":[177],"tests.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
