{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130358632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11375224","title":"Design and Development of an Integrated Water Spray and Brush System for Solar Panel Cleaning","display_name":"Design and Development of an Integrated Water Spray and Brush System for Solar Panel Cleaning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130358632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11375224"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11375224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11375224","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TENCON 2025 - 2025 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126342872","display_name":"Maaizatul Zolkapli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maaizatul Zolkapli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia,40450"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia,40450","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126320666","display_name":"Muhammad Mustaqim Mohamed Muhizam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Mustaqim Mohamed Muhizam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia,40450"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia,40450","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126332970","display_name":"Azween Hadiera Hishamuddin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azween Hadiera Hishamuddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia,40450"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia,40450","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089071255","display_name":"Shahril Irwan Sulaiman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-9513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahril Irwan Sulaiman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia,40450"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia,40450","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074897449","display_name":"Ahmad Sabirin Zoolfakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-4341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Sabirin Zoolfakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia,40450"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia,40450","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004710645","display_name":"Rozina Abdul Rani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7841-3655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rozina Abdul Rani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia,40450"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia,40450","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049211154","display_name":"Marianah Masrie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marianah Masrie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia,40450"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia,40450","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72349902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"827","last_page":"830"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.10379999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.10379999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12008","display_name":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","score":0.07880000025033951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13298","display_name":"Solar Energy Systems and Technologies","score":0.06260000169277191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6621999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dirt","display_name":"Dirt","score":0.642300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-energy","display_name":"Solar energy","score":0.5751000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brush","display_name":"Brush","score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.5135999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6621999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778582501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555882","display_name":"Dirt","level":2,"score":0.642300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.5751000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16108499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713927","display_name":"Brush","level":2,"score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5135999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176809094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15401496","display_name":"Traverse","level":2,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119338728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938237","display_name":"Solar tracker","level":3,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171534860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655870","display_name":"Environmentally friendly","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778579903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637321","display_name":"Washer","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988118331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q276099","display_name":"Technology development","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11375224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11375224","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TENCON 2025 - 2025 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.42989251017570496,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2942978849","https://openalex.org/W3156997349","https://openalex.org/W4200458914","https://openalex.org/W4389040809","https://openalex.org/W4391623416","https://openalex.org/W4392209950","https://openalex.org/W4407625909"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Solar":[0],"energy":[1,136,175,184],"facilitates":[2],"the":[3,82,90,96,100,110,161,173,179],"global":[4],"transition":[5],"to":[6,29,53,60,127,159],"renewables;":[7],"however,":[8],"dirt":[9],"accumulation":[10],"can":[11],"reduce":[12],"efficiency":[13,137],"by":[14,49,85,117,138],"30":[15],"percent,":[16],"and":[17,24,43,66,125,144,164,177],"existing":[18],"cleaning":[19,35,97,121],"technologies":[20],"remain":[21],"ineffective,":[22],"expensive,":[23],"water-intensive.":[25],"This":[26,156],"project":[27,157],"aims":[28,158],"develop":[30],"an":[31,50,62],"innovative":[32],"solar":[33,134,167,174],"panel":[34,101,135,168],"system":[36,78,132],"that":[37,69,88],"integrates":[38],"a":[39,44,106],"water":[40,72,123,143],"spray":[41],"mechanism":[42],"mechanical":[45],"brush,":[46],"all":[47],"controlled":[48],"Arduino-based":[51],"system,":[52],"overcome":[54],"these":[55],"restrictions.":[56],"The":[57,77,93,112,131],"objective":[58],"was":[59,115],"create":[61],"environmentally":[63],"sustainable,":[64],"cost-effective,":[65],"energy-efficient":[67],"solution":[68],"consumes":[70],"minimal":[71],"while":[73,105,141],"assuring":[74],"adequate":[75],"cleaning.":[76],"could":[79],"autonomously":[80],"traverse":[81],"panel,":[83],"directed":[84],"limit":[86],"switches":[87],"regulate":[89],"directional":[91],"trajectory.":[92],"device":[94],"maneuvered":[95],"brush":[98],"along":[99],"via":[102],"two":[103],"motors,":[104],"third":[107],"motor":[108],"regulated":[109],"rotation.":[111],"system's":[113],"performance":[114,151],"assessed":[116],"comprehensive":[118],"testing,":[119],"emphasizing":[120],"efficiency,":[122],"usage,":[124],"adaptation":[126],"various":[128],"environmental":[129,154],"circumstances.":[130],"improves":[133],"decreasing":[139],"soiling,":[140],"conserving":[142],"reducing":[145],"maintenance":[146],"expenses,":[147],"hence":[148],"providing":[149],"dependable":[150],"under":[152],"diverse":[153],"conditions.":[155],"enhance":[160],"efficacy,":[162],"sustainability,":[163],"scalability":[165],"of":[166,182],"cleaning,":[169],"thereby":[170],"significantly":[171],"benefiting":[172],"sector":[176],"promoting":[178],"broader":[180],"adoption":[181],"renewable":[183],"technologies.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2026-02-19T00:00:00"}
