{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130310617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11374971","title":"Practical 2D FSM for Stochastic Computing with Improved Hardware Efficiency and Accuracy","display_name":"Practical 2D FSM for Stochastic Computing with Improved Hardware Efficiency and Accuracy","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130310617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11374971"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11374971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11374971","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TENCON 2025 - 2025 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108736185","display_name":"Jiho Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University,Seoul,Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126341435","display_name":"Gayoung Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gayoung Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University,Seoul,Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038516940","display_name":"Youngmin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4524-2858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngmin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University,Seoul,Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65559765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"239","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9218000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9218000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.01600000075995922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-computing","display_name":"Stochastic computing","score":0.8543999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.5637000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5526000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5365999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.38440001010894775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780971903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2933705","display_name":"Stochastic computing","level":3,"score":0.8543999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7918999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.5637000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5526000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5365999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136695289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415568","display_name":"Bitstream","level":3,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.3481999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65232700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656403","display_name":"Hardware architecture","level":3,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142962650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240838","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","level":3,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174784677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176567","display_name":"Probabilistic automaton","level":3,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118993495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042828","display_name":"Electrical efficiency","level":3,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11374971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11374971","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TENCON 2025 - 2025 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9036852121353149,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G201278324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2025-RS-2022-00156225","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003056114","https://openalex.org/W2077305581","https://openalex.org/W2118914590","https://openalex.org/W2151770284","https://openalex.org/W2296101864","https://openalex.org/W2539422612","https://openalex.org/W2758000634","https://openalex.org/W2999910154","https://openalex.org/W3001688831","https://openalex.org/W4392449477"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"continues":[3],"to":[4,100,125],"advance":[5],"rapidly,":[6],"traditional":[7],"binary":[8],"computing":[9,147],"methods":[10],"face":[11],"limitations":[12],"regarding":[13],"power":[14,122],"consumption":[15,123],"and":[16,39,59,75,88,96,104,121,132,139,148],"hardware":[17,41,137],"complexity.":[18,42],"Stochastic":[19,78],"Computing,":[20,79],"which":[21],"processes":[22],"data":[23],"using":[24],"probabilistic":[25,94],"bitstreams,":[26],"offers":[27],"a":[28,130],"computational":[29,140],"paradigm":[30],"that":[31,84,135],"enables":[32],"highly":[33],"parallelized":[34],"operations,":[35],"enhances":[36],"energy":[37],"efficiency,":[38],"reduces":[40],"Despite":[43],"its":[44],"potential,":[45],"the":[46,55],"practical":[47,131],"application":[48],"of":[49,118],"SC":[50],"has":[51],"been":[52],"constrained":[53],"by":[54],"tradeoff":[56],"between":[57],"efficiency":[58,87],"accuracy.":[60,89],"To":[61],"address":[62],"this":[63,65],"gap,":[64],"study":[66],"proposes":[67],"the$4":[68],"\\times":[69],"4$two-dimensional":[70],"finite":[71],"state":[72,98],"machine":[73],"architecture":[74,91],"method":[76],"for":[77,145],"demonstrating":[80],"an":[81],"optimized":[82],"structure":[83],"improves":[85],"both":[86],"The":[90],"utilizes":[92],"independent":[93],"inputs":[95],"weight-adjusted":[97],"transitions":[99],"reduce":[101],"bitstream":[102],"correlation":[103],"enable":[105],"more":[106],"flexible":[107],"function":[108],"implementation.":[109],"This":[110],"configuration":[111],"achieves":[112],"over$1.37":[113],"\\times$better":[114],"performance":[115],"in":[116],"terms":[117],"accuracy,":[119],"area,":[120],"compared":[124],"prior":[126],"designs,":[127],"while":[128],"maintaining":[129],"scalable":[133],"design":[134],"balances":[136],"complexity":[138],"precision,":[141],"making":[142],"it":[143],"well-suited":[144],"neuromorphic":[146],"other":[149],"low-power,":[150],"highefficiency":[151],"applications.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-02-19T00:00:00"}
