{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130380978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11374922","title":"Performance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Access Points in Cell-Free Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output System","display_name":"Performance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Access Points in Cell-Free Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130380978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11374922"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11374922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11374922","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TENCON 2025 - 2025 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126303437","display_name":"Noor Shamisah Othman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noor Shamsiah Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126322646","display_name":"Afsana Afrin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afsana Afrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021373109","display_name":"Abdulrahman M. Shalaby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7107-1709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AbdulRahman M. Shalaby","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76161486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"268","last_page":"272"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6274999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.626800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5570999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5236999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5160999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.4081999957561493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6543999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6274999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.626800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.618399977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5570999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5236999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5160999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776234997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17134191","display_name":"Transshipment (information security)","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778392113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959282","display_name":"Ballooning","level":4,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164785522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283966","display_name":"Diversity gain","level":4,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11374922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon66050.2025.11374922","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TENCON 2025 - 2025 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540562499","https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2065784656","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2612159005","https://openalex.org/W2742503793","https://openalex.org/W2961819642","https://openalex.org/W3004946548","https://openalex.org/W3040177270","https://openalex.org/W3158832185","https://openalex.org/W3206184552","https://openalex.org/W3209298344","https://openalex.org/W4213147678","https://openalex.org/W4297912121","https://openalex.org/W4386630651","https://openalex.org/W4400770902","https://openalex.org/W4402159585"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cell-free":[0],"massive":[1],"MIMO":[2],"(CF-mMIMO)":[3],"eliminates":[4],"fixed":[5,26],"cell":[6],"boundaries":[7],"by":[8,15],"using":[9],"distributed":[10],"access":[11,52],"points":[12,53],"(APs)":[13],"coordinated":[14],"a":[16],"central":[17],"unit,":[18],"enabling":[19],"spatial":[20],"diversity":[21],"and":[22,78,89,124,140,169],"improved":[23],"throughput.":[24,126],"However,":[25],"ground":[27],"APs":[28],"lack":[29],"flexibility,":[30],"making":[31],"them":[32],"unsuitable":[33],"for":[34,158],"highly":[35],"mobile":[36],"users":[37],"or":[38],"emergency":[39],"scenarios.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"investigates":[43],"the":[44,66,147,154],"deployment":[45,160],"of":[46,73,91,156],"unmanned":[47],"aerial":[48],"vehicles":[49],"(UAVs)":[50],"as":[51],"in":[54,109,120,161],"CF-mMIMO":[55,110,162],"systems,":[56,163],"focusing":[57],"on":[58],"optimizing":[59],"their":[60],"three-dimensional":[61],"(3D)":[62],"placement":[63,108],"to":[64,105,167],"maximize":[65],"downlink":[67],"sum":[68],"rate.":[69],"A":[70],"comparative":[71],"analysis":[72],"Particle":[74],"Swarm":[75],"Optimization":[76],"(PSO)":[77],"Gradient":[79],"Descent":[80],"(GD)":[81],"algorithms":[82],"is":[83,103],"conducted":[84],"under":[85],"varying":[86],"user":[87,129,171],"densities":[88],"numbers":[90],"UAVs.":[92],"An":[93],"existing":[94],"air-to-ground":[95],"path":[96],"loss":[97],"model,":[98],"incorporating":[99],"UAV":[100,107,159],"altitude":[101],"constraints,":[102],"employed":[104],"evaluate":[106],"systems.":[111],"Simulation":[112],"results":[113,152],"demonstrate":[114],"that":[115],"PSO":[116,131,157],"consistently":[117],"outperforms":[118],"GD":[119,139],"both":[121],"convergence":[122],"speed":[123],"achievable":[125],"At":[127],"higher":[128],"densities,":[130],"achieves":[132],"approximately$3":[133],"\\text{bps}":[134,143],"/":[135,144],"\\text{Hz}$higher":[136],"throughput":[137],"than":[138],"up":[141],"to$7.3":[142],"\\text{Hz}$gain":[145],"at":[146],"highest":[148],"density":[149],"considered.":[150],"The":[151],"confirm":[153],"effectiveness":[155],"where":[164],"its":[165],"adaptability":[166],"dense":[168],"dynamic":[170],"distributions":[172],"provides":[173],"significant":[174],"performance":[175],"gains.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-16T07:02:28.622633","created_date":"2026-02-19T00:00:00"}
