{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408258398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon61640.2024.10902930","title":"Advancements in Image Enhancement for Improved Knee Ultrasound Segmentation Towards Measurement of Lateral Patellar Tendon Displacement","display_name":"Advancements in Image Enhancement for Improved Knee Ultrasound Segmentation Towards Measurement of Lateral Patellar Tendon Displacement","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408258398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon61640.2024.10902930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon61640.2024.10902930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon61640.2024.10902930","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TENCON 2024 - 2024 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Antonio Miguel Frias","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Miguel Frias","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116561256","display_name":"Hoover Arabis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoover Arabis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116561257","display_name":"Kyle Patrick Barce","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyle Patrick Barce","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yannis Andrei Cruz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yannis Andrei Cruz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116561258","display_name":"Darren Jan Medriano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darren Jan Medriano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030537666","display_name":"Consuelo Gonzalez-Suarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8382-474X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282355914","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0292hc709","country_code":"PH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282355914"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Consuelo Gonzalez-Suarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas Hospital,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas Hospital,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282355914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112251972","display_name":"Emmanuel C. Guevara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Guevara","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101468157","display_name":"Jan-Tyrone Cabrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7737-3989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282355914","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0292hc709","country_code":"PH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282355914"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan-Tyrone Cabrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas Hospital,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas Hospital,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282355914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116561259","display_name":"Emily Rose Dizon-Nacpil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282355914","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0292hc709","country_code":"PH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282355914"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Rose Dizon-Nacpil","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas Hospital,Department of Radiology Section of Magnetic Resonance and Imaging"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas Hospital,Department of Radiology Section of Magnetic Resonance and Imaging","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282355914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029574895","display_name":"Ivan Neil Gomez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-2062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Neil Gomez","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Santo Tomas,Department of Occupational Therapy,Manila"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Santo Tomas,Department of Occupational Therapy,Manila","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046997383","display_name":"Jazzmine Gale Flores","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jazzmine Gale Flores","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for the Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas,Manila"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for the Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas,Manila","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116561255","display_name":"Timothy Nazareno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282355914","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0292hc709","country_code":"PH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282355914"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Nazareno","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas Hospital,Department of Radiology Section of Magnetic Resonance and Imaging"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas Hospital,Department of Radiology Section of Magnetic Resonance and Imaging","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282355914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095923285","display_name":"Elaine Nicole S. Bulseco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elaine Nicole Bulseco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for the Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas,Manila"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for the Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas,Manila","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Justine Duran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justine Duran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for the Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas,Manila"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for the Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas,Manila","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044883402","display_name":"Angelo R. dela Cruz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-1402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo dela Cruz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042724303","display_name":"Edison A. Roxas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-1045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edison Roxas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065561732","display_name":"Kanny Krizzy D. Serrano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9258-3704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanny Krizzy Serrano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028691259","display_name":"Seigfred V. Prado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0111-7193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seigfred Prado","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070111818","display_name":"Gabriel Rodnei Geslani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82904351","display_name":"University of Santo Tomas","ror":"https://ror.org/00d25af97","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Rodnei Geslani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santo Tomas,Department of Electronics Engineering,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82904351"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45714286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1125","last_page":"1128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11068","display_name":"Tendon Structure and Treatment","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.6804232001304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patellar-tendon","display_name":"Patellar tendon","score":0.6503618359565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5405027866363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.5022058486938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49942898750305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4656093418598175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43808573484420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.42760539054870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tendon","display_name":"Tendon","score":0.4098109304904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.38601526618003845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3421451151371002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.31002017855644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.2603156566619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.2250368595123291}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6804232001304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991944018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172095","display_name":"Patellar tendon","level":3,"score":0.6503618359565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5405027866363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.5022058486938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49942898750305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4656093418598175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43808573484420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.42760539054870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780105995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232358","display_name":"Tendon","level":2,"score":0.4098109304904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38601526618003845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3421451151371002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31002017855644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.2603156566619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.2250368595123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon61640.2024.10902930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon61640.2024.10902930","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TENCON 2024 - 2024 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063220657","https://openalex.org/W2130541310","https://openalex.org/W2770869432","https://openalex.org/W2791694917","https://openalex.org/W3202847552"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993823473","https://openalex.org/W2149853547","https://openalex.org/W2184723467","https://openalex.org/W2683827216","https://openalex.org/W2011881201","https://openalex.org/W1972514153","https://openalex.org/W2128969022","https://openalex.org/W1522196789","https://openalex.org/W1934184110","https://openalex.org/W4401468739"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Patellofemoral":[0],"Pain":[1],"Syndrome":[2],"(PFPS),":[3],"characterized":[4],"by":[5],"anterior":[6],"knee":[7],"pain":[8],"around":[9],"the":[10,43,80,124,129,159,163,167,196,233],"patella,":[11],"requires":[12],"accurate":[13,107,204],"diagnosis":[14],"for":[15,89,143,151,162],"effective":[16],"management.":[17],"Traditional":[18],"methods":[19],"rely":[20],"on":[21,79,236],"clinician":[22],"expertise,":[23],"which":[24],"can":[25],"be":[26],"subjective":[27],"and":[28,61,71,86,104,109,140,178,199,202,238],"time-consuming.":[29],"This":[30,131],"study":[31,132],"introduces":[32],"an":[33],"automated":[34],"system":[35],"to":[36,53,116,121,192,220],"measure":[37],"lateral":[38,213],"patellar":[39,197,214],"tendon":[40,198,215],"displacement,":[41],"specifically":[42],"Patellar":[44],"Tendon-Trochlear":[45],"Groove":[46],"(PT-TG)":[47],"distance,":[48],"using":[49],"preprocessed":[50],"ultrasound":[51,93,118],"images":[52,94],"diagnose":[54],"PFPS.":[55],"While":[56],"Magnetic":[57],"Resonance":[58],"Imaging":[59],"(MRI)":[60],"Computed":[62],"Tomography":[63],"(CT)":[64],"offer":[65],"high-resolution":[66],"imaging,":[67,78],"they":[68],"are":[69],"costly":[70],"carry":[72],"risks":[73],"such":[74],"as":[75],"radiation.":[76],"Ultrasound":[77],"other":[81],"hand,":[82],"is":[83,114],"non-invasive,":[84],"cost-effective,":[85],"convenient,":[87],"allowing":[88],"repeated":[90],"examinations.":[91],"However,":[92],"often":[95],"suffer":[96],"from":[97,158,218],"low":[98],"contrast,":[99],"blurred":[100],"edges,":[101],"speckle":[102,152],"noise,":[103],"shadows,":[105],"complicating":[106],"segmentation":[108,194],"analysis.":[110],"Therefore,":[111],"image":[112,119,189],"preprocessing":[113,185],"crucial":[115],"enhance":[117,188],"quality":[120],"further":[122],"extract":[123],"medical":[125],"values":[126],"embedded":[127],"within":[128],"images.":[130],"applies":[133],"Contrast":[134],"Limited":[135],"Adaptive":[136],"Histogram":[137],"Equalization":[138],"(CLAHE)":[139],"Gamma":[141],"Correction":[142],"contrast":[144],"enhancement,":[145],"along":[146],"with":[147,176],"Rank":[148],"Order":[149],"Filter":[150],"noise":[153],"reduction.":[154],"Data":[155],"were":[156],"collected":[157],"Research":[160],"Center":[161],"Health":[164],"Sciences":[165],"at":[166],"University":[168],"of":[169,195],"Santo":[170],"Tomas,":[171],"involving":[172],"26":[173],"participants,":[174],"12":[175],"PFPS":[177,230],"14":[179],"without.":[180],"Results":[181],"indicate":[182],"that":[183],"these":[184],"algorithms":[186],"significantly":[187],"quality,":[190],"leading":[191],"better":[193],"trochlear":[200],"sulcus,":[201],"more":[203],"PT-TG":[205],"distance":[206],"measurement.":[207],"The":[208,223],"error":[209],"rate":[210],"in":[211,228],"measuring":[212],"displacement":[216],"decreased":[217],"54.13%":[219],"25.91%":[221],"post-preprocessing.":[222],"proposed":[224],"algorithm":[225],"shows":[226],"potential":[227],"aiding":[229],"diagnosis,":[231],"reducing":[232],"diagnostic":[234],"burden":[235],"clinicians,":[237],"potentially":[239],"improving":[240],"patient":[241],"outcomes.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
