{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213336780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon54134.2021.9707295","title":"PIGMENTnet: Chlorophyll-b Prediction of Lactuca Sativa Leaf Under Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Recurrent Neural Network","display_name":"PIGMENTnet: Chlorophyll-b Prediction of Lactuca Sativa Leaf Under Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Recurrent Neural Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213336780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon54134.2021.9707295"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon54134.2021.9707295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon54134.2021.9707295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608113","display_name":"TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052334169","display_name":"Heinrick Aquino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-5241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heinrick L. Aquino","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle University,Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering,Manila,Philippines","Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle University,Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014017066","display_name":"Ronnie Concepcion","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7611-1562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronnie S. Concepcion","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle University,Department of Manufacturing Engineering andManagement,Manila,Philippines","Department of Manufacturing Engineering andManagement, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle University,Department of Manufacturing Engineering andManagement,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Manufacturing Engineering andManagement, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043106023","display_name":"Ryan Rhay P. Vicerra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-3749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Rhay Vicerra","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle University,Department of Manufacturing Engineering andManagement,Manila,Philippines","Department of Manufacturing Engineering andManagement, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle University,Department of Manufacturing Engineering andManagement,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Manufacturing Engineering andManagement, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084809753","display_name":"Christan Hail Mendigoria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7901-5405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christan Hail Mendigoria","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle University,Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering,Manila,Philippines","Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle University,Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037358550","display_name":"Oliver John Alajas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-7316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver John Alajas","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle University,Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering,Manila,Philippines","Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle University,Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027440897","display_name":"Elmer P. Dadios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5751-389X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elmer P. Dadios","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle University,Department of Manufacturing Engineering andManagement,Manila,Philippines","Department of Manufacturing Engineering andManagement, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle University,Department of Manufacturing Engineering andManagement,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Manufacturing Engineering andManagement, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112200156","display_name":"Joel L. Cuello","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Cuello","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Arizona,Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department,Arizona,USA","Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, The University of Arizona, Arizona, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Arizona,Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department,Arizona,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, The University of Arizona, Arizona, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2181,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"248","last_page":"253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13391","display_name":"Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13391","display_name":"Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9739000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactuca","display_name":"Lactuca","score":0.8082257509231567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.612361490726471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5387049913406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49717405438423157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4689868092536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41755348443984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4172464609146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3990230858325958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.31878662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2504875063896179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778343920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578052","display_name":"Lactuca","level":2,"score":0.8082257509231567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.612361490726471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5387049913406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49717405438423157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4689868092536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41755348443984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4172464609146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3990230858325958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.31878662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2504875063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon54134.2021.9707295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon54134.2021.9707295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608113","display_name":"TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323670","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Government of Kerala","ror":"https://ror.org/030fy4q75"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542000206","https://openalex.org/W1994324252","https://openalex.org/W2064351841","https://openalex.org/W2095396300","https://openalex.org/W2322297310","https://openalex.org/W2331303452","https://openalex.org/W2470644244","https://openalex.org/W2754118801","https://openalex.org/W3001657276","https://openalex.org/W3092017039","https://openalex.org/W3106882002","https://openalex.org/W3114681304","https://openalex.org/W3115216236","https://openalex.org/W3115674720","https://openalex.org/W3123559928","https://openalex.org/W3131192012","https://openalex.org/W3153719418","https://openalex.org/W3157345138","https://openalex.org/W3158348134","https://openalex.org/W4234940992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379163632","https://openalex.org/W2360012045","https://openalex.org/W2021885642","https://openalex.org/W2248627318","https://openalex.org/W4387190240","https://openalex.org/W2946865823","https://openalex.org/W2566672692","https://openalex.org/W329576625","https://openalex.org/W3130567247","https://openalex.org/W2769671008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chlorophyll":[0],"content":[1],"is":[2,110,191],"an":[3,42,192],"imperative":[4],"indicator":[5],"of":[6,23,33,36,143,147,159,175],"lettuce":[7,38],"(Lactuca":[8],"Sativa)":[9],"health":[10],"status.":[11],"Through":[12],"computational":[13],"intelligence,":[14],"this":[15],"paper":[16],"bestowed":[17],"a":[18,111,126],"noninvasive,":[19],"accurate,":[20],"cost-effective":[21],"ensemble":[22],"machine":[24],"learning":[25],"algorithms":[26],"for":[27],"chlorophyll-b":[28],"concentration":[29,195],"prediction.":[30],"A":[31,95,156],"total":[32],"107":[34],"images":[35],"loose-leaf":[37],"var.":[39],"Altima":[40],"from":[41],"aquaponic":[43],"farm":[44],"situated":[45],"in":[46,49,124,145,152,161],"Rizal":[47],"province":[48],"the":[50,59,100,121,136,140,148,178,188,206],"Philippines":[51],"was":[52,105,120,164],"utilized.":[53],"By":[54],"employing":[55],"CIELab":[56],"color":[57],"space,":[58],"leaf":[60,78],"canopies":[61],"were":[62],"segmented":[63],"and":[64,73,93,171,202],"extracted":[65],"with":[66],"18-feature":[67],"predictors.":[68],"The":[69,166],"regression":[70,114],"tree":[71],"ranked":[72],"selected":[74,76],"10":[75],"significant":[77],"features":[79],"(spectral:":[80],"R,":[81],"G,":[82],"S,":[83],"a*,":[84],"b*,":[85],"Cr;":[86],"morphological:":[87],"canopy":[88],"area;":[89],"textural:":[90],"contrast,":[91],"correlation,":[92],"homogeneity).":[94],"fitness":[96],"function":[97,119],"that":[98,187],"optimized":[99],"recurrent":[101,130],"neural":[102,131,153],"network":[103,132,154],"architecture":[104],"constructed":[106],"using":[107],"GPTIPSv2":[108],"which":[109],"symbolic":[112],"multigene":[113],"(SMGR)":[115],"tool.":[116],"This":[117],"convergence":[118],"main":[122],"element":[123],"developing":[125],"genetic":[127],"algorithm":[128],"(GA)-optimized":[129],"model":[133],"considered":[134],"as":[135,197],"PIGMENTnet.":[137],"It":[138],"provides":[139],"optimal":[141],"quantity":[142],"neurons":[144,160],"each":[146,162],"three":[149],"hidden":[150],"layers":[151],"architecture.":[155],"75-100-10":[157],"conglomeration":[158],"layer":[163],"recommended.":[165],"RMSE":[167],"(0.1486),":[168],"R2":[169],"(0.9998),":[170],"MAE":[172],"(0.0751)":[173],"results":[174,204],"PIGMENTnet":[176,190],"surpassed":[177],"unoptimized":[179],"RNN.":[180],"Based":[181],"on":[182],"these":[183],"findings,":[184],"it":[185,198],"implies":[186],"developed":[189],"effective":[193],"Chl-b":[194],"predictor":[196],"provided":[199],"highly":[200],"accurate":[201],"sensitive":[203],"than":[205],"sole":[207],"RNN":[208],"model.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
