{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3115595976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon50793.2020.9293802","title":"A Multi-Model Based Ensembling Approach to Detect COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray Images","display_name":"A Multi-Model Based Ensembling Approach to Detect COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray Images","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3115595976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon50793.2020.9293802","mag":"3115595976"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon50793.2020.9293802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon50793.2020.9293802","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE REGION 10 CONFERENCE (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090743017","display_name":"Oishy Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5028-9736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oishy Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052014563","display_name":"Jarin Tasnim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7663-2811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jarin Tasnim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044760842","display_name":"Md. Tanvir Raihan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7161-3581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Tanvir Raihan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014251585","display_name":"Tanvir Mahmud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-2826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanvir Mahmud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Istak Ahmmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Istak Ahmmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["PrimeSilicon Technology, Cupertino, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PrimeSilicon Technology, Cupertino, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074606314","display_name":"Shaikh Anowarul Fattah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8090-2327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaikh Anowarul Fattah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82387903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"591","last_page":"595"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9544000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9523000121116638,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7601123452186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7574710845947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.7506964802742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6517300605773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6082350611686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.5804467797279358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5338559746742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighted-voting","display_name":"Weighted voting","score":0.5309994220733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48140478134155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.4767361879348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44249606132507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4373381435871124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4367210566997528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.43379080295562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4319213628768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4255511462688446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/majority-rule","display_name":"Majority rule","score":0.4174484312534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.32297542691230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1474500298500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08219286799430847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7601123452186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7574710845947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.7506964802742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6517300605773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6082350611686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.5804467797279358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5338559746742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132778050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2065430","display_name":"Weighted voting","level":4,"score":0.5309994220733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48140478134155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.4767361879348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44249606132507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4373381435871124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4367210566997528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43379080295562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4319213628768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4255511462688446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153668964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27636","display_name":"Majority rule","level":2,"score":0.4174484312534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.32297542691230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1474500298500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08219286799430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon50793.2020.9293802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon50793.2020.9293802","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE REGION 10 CONFERENCE (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013564598","https://openalex.org/W3013601031","https://openalex.org/W3017855299","https://openalex.org/W3019531985","https://openalex.org/W3021622280","https://openalex.org/W3032017599","https://openalex.org/W3033616466","https://openalex.org/W3036638392","https://openalex.org/W3037662149","https://openalex.org/W3039563973","https://openalex.org/W3105081694","https://openalex.org/W6775884374"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386121542","https://openalex.org/W3176438653","https://openalex.org/W2981628807","https://openalex.org/W3012393889","https://openalex.org/W3189091156","https://openalex.org/W4386087993","https://openalex.org/W3014041368","https://openalex.org/W2096510549","https://openalex.org/W2510597476","https://openalex.org/W4285815841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,34,73,86,109,148],"onset":[2],"of":[3,37,89,108],"COVID-19,":[4],"radiographic":[5],"image":[6],"analysis":[7],"coupled":[8],"with":[9,172],"artificial":[10],"intelligence":[11],"(AI)":[12],"has":[13],"become":[14],"popular":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17],"insufficient":[18],"RT-PCR":[19],"test":[20],"kits.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"paper,":[24],"an":[25],"automated":[26],"AI-assisted":[27],"COVID-19":[28],"diagnosis":[29,178],"scheme":[30],"is":[31,95],"proposed":[32],"utilizing":[33,147],"ensembling":[35,56,62,74,104,132],"approach":[36],"multiple":[38,90,115,138],"convolutional":[39,110],"neural":[40],"networks":[41,116,139],"(CNNs).":[42],"Two":[43],"different":[44],"strategies":[45,153],"have":[46,162],"been":[47,163],"carried":[48],"out":[49],"for":[50,125,129],"ensembling:":[51],"A":[52],"feature":[53,111],"level":[54,61,131],"fusionbased":[55],"method":[57],"and":[58,70,80,119,179],"a":[59,143,169],"decision":[60,130],"method.":[63],"Several":[64],"traditional":[65],"CNN":[66],"architectures":[67],"are":[68,82,117,140],"tested":[69],"finally":[71],"in":[72],"operation,":[75],"MobileNet,":[76],"InceptionV3,":[77],"DenseNet201,":[78],"DenseNet121":[79],"Xception":[81],"used.":[83],"To":[84],"handle":[85],"computational":[87],"complexity":[88],"networks,":[91],"transfer":[92],"learning":[93],"strategy":[94],"incorporated":[96],"through":[97,121,165],"ImageNet":[98],"pre-trained":[99],"weight":[100],"initialization.":[101],"For":[102],"feature-level":[103],"scheme,":[105,133],"global":[106],"averages":[107],"maps":[112],"generated":[113,136],"from":[114,137],"aggregated":[118],"undergo":[120],"fully":[122],"connected":[123],"layers":[124],"combined":[126],"optimization.":[127],"Additionally,":[128],"final":[134],"prediction":[135,145],"converged":[141],"into":[142],"single":[144],"by":[146],"maximum":[149],"voting":[150],"criterion.":[151],"Both":[152],"perform":[154],"better":[155],"than":[156],"any":[157],"individual":[158],"network.":[159],"Outstanding":[160],"performances":[161],"achieved":[164],"extensive":[166],"experimentation":[167],"on":[168,175,181],"public":[170],"database":[171],"96%":[173],"accuracy":[174],"3-class":[176],"(COVID-19/normal/pneumonia)":[177],"89.21%":[180],"4-class":[182],"(COVID-19/normal/viral":[183],"pneumonia/bacterial":[184],"pneumonia)":[185],"diagnosis.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}