{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996669062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2019.8929231","title":"Word Difficulty Prediction Using Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Word Difficulty Prediction Using Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996669062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2019.8929231","mag":"2996669062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon.2019.8929231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2019.8929231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TENCON 2019 - 2019 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045678914","display_name":"Arpan Basu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9291-0268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170979836","display_name":"Jadavpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/02af4h012","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arpan Basu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003947573","display_name":"Avishek Garain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6225-3343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170979836","display_name":"Jadavpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/02af4h012","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avishek Garain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070618344","display_name":"Sudip Kumar Naskar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1588-4665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170979836","display_name":"Jadavpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/02af4h012","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudip Kumar Naskar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045678914"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7001,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78834103,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1109","last_page":"1112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8436503410339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7556475400924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.7407170534133911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6701178550720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6645112037658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.5942456722259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5741221904754639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5387389063835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5380544066429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.524651050567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5229602456092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.48497843742370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4847950041294098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4600929617881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4501214325428009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.18990489840507507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8436503410339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7556475400924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.7407170534133911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6701178550720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6645112037658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5942456722259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5741221904754639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5387389063835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5380544066429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.524651050567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5229602456092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48497843742370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4847950041294098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4600929617881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4501214325428009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.18990489840507507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon.2019.8929231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2019.8929231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TENCON 2019 - 2019 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507711477","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1569784983","https://openalex.org/W1680392829","https://openalex.org/W1979532929","https://openalex.org/W1981617416","https://openalex.org/W1997161938","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2168979204","https://openalex.org/W2170240176","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2963012544","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637386731","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6685053522"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067317451","https://openalex.org/W2154771632","https://openalex.org/W4211085505","https://openalex.org/W3122478268","https://openalex.org/W2084758217","https://openalex.org/W408804804","https://openalex.org/W4398232961","https://openalex.org/W4297849468","https://openalex.org/W2797876554","https://openalex.org/W3196324843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"text-simplification":[1],"systems":[2],"require":[3],"an":[4],"indicator":[5],"of":[6,9,47,49,55,83,92],"the":[7,10,45,53,59,77,109],"complexity":[8],"words.":[11,56],"The":[12],"prevalent":[13],"approaches":[14],"to":[15,35,117],"word":[16],"difficulty":[17,54,89],"prediction":[18,104],"are":[19,30],"based":[20,28,103],"on":[21,76,81],"manual":[22],"feature":[23],"engineering.":[24],"Using":[25],"deep":[26],"learning":[27,70],"models":[29,71],"largely":[31],"left":[32],"unexplored":[33],"due":[34],"their":[36,74],"comparatively":[37],"poor":[38],"performance.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"paper":[42],"we":[43,97],"explore":[44],"use":[46],"one":[48,91],"such":[50],"in":[51],"predicting":[52],"We":[57,66],"treat":[58],"problem":[60],"as":[61],"a":[62,99],"binary":[63],"classification":[64],"problem.":[65],"train":[67],"traditional":[68],"machine":[69],"and":[72,112],"evaluate":[73,113],"performance":[75],"task.":[78],"Removing":[79],"dependency":[80],"frequency":[82],"previously":[84],"acquired":[85],"words":[86],"for":[87],"measuring":[88],"was":[90],"our":[93],"primary":[94],"aims.":[95],"Then":[96],"analyze":[98],"convolutional":[100],"neural":[101],"network":[102],"model":[105],"which":[106],"operates":[107],"at":[108],"character":[110],"level":[111],"its":[114],"efficiency":[115],"compared":[116],"others.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}