{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417201892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3642886","title":"Organizing for Smart City Public\u2013Private Partnerships: Evidence From Taiwan","display_name":"Organizing for Smart City Public\u2013Private Partnerships: Evidence From Taiwan","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417201892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3642886"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2025.3642886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3642886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3642886","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020702451","display_name":"Hua-Wei Hung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hua-Wei Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Program of Management and Technology, College of Technology Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2068-684X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Program of Management and Technology, College of Technology Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chih-Chiang Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Chiang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Technology Management, College of Technology Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Technology Management, College of Technology Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102334829","display_name":"Shih-Chang Hung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Chang Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Technology Management, College of Technology Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-9464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Technology Management, College of Technology Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020702451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0273,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84796218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"699","last_page":"711"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11479","display_name":"Smart Cities and Technologies","score":0.6471999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11479","display_name":"Smart Cities and Technologies","score":0.6471999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10119","display_name":"Sustainability and Climate Change Governance","score":0.05350000038743019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11939","display_name":"Public-Private Partnership Projects","score":0.03359999880194664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.8396000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typology","display_name":"Typology","score":0.6384000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negotiation","display_name":"Negotiation","score":0.6295999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.5676000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debriefing","display_name":"Debriefing","score":0.5146999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metropolitan-area","display_name":"Metropolitan area","score":0.39010000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.8396000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.6384000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.6295999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5676000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202695956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2669680","display_name":"Debriefing","level":2,"score":0.5146999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778746772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16251440","display_name":"Coproduction","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777913456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981107","display_name":"Smart power","level":3,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2025.3642886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3642886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2025.3642886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3642886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79229537","https://openalex.org/W1517636457","https://openalex.org/W1937551363","https://openalex.org/W1966540942","https://openalex.org/W1972065368","https://openalex.org/W1974963036","https://openalex.org/W2002118197","https://openalex.org/W2023158775","https://openalex.org/W2040905270","https://openalex.org/W2048106726","https://openalex.org/W2076256957","https://openalex.org/W2077494655","https://openalex.org/W2099495929","https://openalex.org/W2102985352","https://openalex.org/W2105657318","https://openalex.org/W2117306394","https://openalex.org/W2118504016","https://openalex.org/W2140699752","https://openalex.org/W2152746086","https://openalex.org/W2319419397","https://openalex.org/W2339128759","https://openalex.org/W2469822077","https://openalex.org/W2599544678","https://openalex.org/W2606077535","https://openalex.org/W2620527628","https://openalex.org/W2756835393","https://openalex.org/W2766184293","https://openalex.org/W2905872491","https://openalex.org/W2908827971","https://openalex.org/W2912124401","https://openalex.org/W2945014255","https://openalex.org/W3034022130","https://openalex.org/W3037400554","https://openalex.org/W3048751360","https://openalex.org/W3096865007","https://openalex.org/W3106130029","https://openalex.org/W3121736426","https://openalex.org/W3123397884","https://openalex.org/W3124672479","https://openalex.org/W3139109897","https://openalex.org/W3192747323","https://openalex.org/W4210598767","https://openalex.org/W4237048501","https://openalex.org/W4239814289","https://openalex.org/W4286366317","https://openalex.org/W4310768260","https://openalex.org/W4366994682","https://openalex.org/W4382047815","https://openalex.org/W4385210744","https://openalex.org/W4387266077","https://openalex.org/W4388849514","https://openalex.org/W4391679590"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,39],"develop":[1],"a":[2,27,128],"typology":[3],"to":[4],"explain":[5],"how":[6],"various":[7],"forms":[8,89],"of":[9,30,75,90],"public-private":[10],"partnerships":[11],"(PPPs)":[12],"in":[13,37,79,101,105],"smart":[14,34,65,136],"cities":[15],"can":[16,68],"be":[17,69],"socially":[18],"organized":[19],"across":[20],"multi-level":[21],"dynamics.":[22],"The":[23],"empirical":[24],"setting":[25],"is":[26,99],"qualitative":[28],"comparison":[29],"PPPs":[31,67],"from":[32],"12":[33],"city":[35,66,137],"initiatives":[36],"Taiwan.":[38],"ensure":[40],"methodological":[41],"rigor":[42],"through":[43],"representative":[44],"case":[45],"sampling,":[46],"multi-source":[47],"data":[48],"triangulation,":[49],"iterative":[50],"cross-case":[51],"comparison,":[52],"and":[53,58,83,95,114,121],"validation":[54],"via":[55],"peer":[56],"debriefing":[57],"practitioner":[59],"feedback.":[60],"Our":[61,124],"findings":[62],"indicate":[63],"that":[64],"categorized":[70],"based":[71],"on":[72],"the":[73,76,81,112],"role":[74],"central":[77,107],"actors":[78],"bridging":[80],"public":[82,113,119],"private":[84,115],"sectors.":[85],"There":[86],"are":[87],"four":[88],"PPPs:":[91],"national,":[92],"functional,":[93],"dominant,":[94],"financial.":[96],"Each":[97],"form":[98],"equifinal":[100],"effectiveness,":[102],"yet":[103],"distinct":[104],"its":[106],"actors,":[108],"negotiation":[109],"power":[110],"between":[111],"sectors,":[116],"financial":[117],"performance,":[118],"objectives,":[120],"applicable":[122],"conditions.":[123],"analysis":[125],"offers":[126],"practitioners":[127],"foundation":[129],"for":[130,135],"designing":[131],"effective":[132],"governance":[133],"structures":[134],"PPPs.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-10T00:00:00"}
