{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416922673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3639264","title":"Production Timing and Technology Licensing Under Competition and Demand Uncertainty","display_name":"Production Timing and Technology Licensing Under Competition and Demand Uncertainty","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416922673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3639264"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2025.3639264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3639264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345844","display_name":"Yu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7857-4755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100730120","display_name":"Manman Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-5767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manman Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-5767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101805982","display_name":"Feng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-6005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50546691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"342","last_page":"359"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.8149999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.8149999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.043299999088048935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.013399999588727951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/original-equipment-manufacturer","display_name":"Original equipment manufacturer","score":0.7724000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/license","display_name":"License","score":0.7343000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.6448000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.564300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-and-demand","display_name":"Supply and demand","score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-share","display_name":"Market share","score":0.385699987411499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68694590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267558","display_name":"Original equipment manufacturer","level":2,"score":0.7724000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.7343000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.6633999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6448000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.564300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120330832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166656","display_name":"Supply and demand","level":2,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16051113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828814","display_name":"Market share","level":2,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779466795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337690","display_name":"Postponement","level":2,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776598745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156422","display_name":"Complementary assets","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143219415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417293","display_name":"Technology management","level":2,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988118331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q276099","display_name":"Technology development","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018006300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4402708","display_name":"Consumer demand","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777538425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154300","display_name":"Cannibalization","level":2,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985380958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319676","display_name":"Market competition","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192012645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305667","display_name":"Derived demand","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19351080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395034","display_name":"New product development","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2508647","display_name":"Market penetration","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2025.3639264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3639264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1025793288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GZC20250531","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5879139526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72401277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8480155402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72188101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006513410","https://openalex.org/W2007715589","https://openalex.org/W2152012843","https://openalex.org/W2160584795","https://openalex.org/W2277163656","https://openalex.org/W2624066064","https://openalex.org/W2772929897","https://openalex.org/W2890678127","https://openalex.org/W2939151727","https://openalex.org/W2949905518","https://openalex.org/W3022091162","https://openalex.org/W3044082544","https://openalex.org/W3048437334","https://openalex.org/W3121707495","https://openalex.org/W3122511398","https://openalex.org/W3123282677","https://openalex.org/W3128785396","https://openalex.org/W3204652278","https://openalex.org/W3206909653","https://openalex.org/W3207590613","https://openalex.org/W4211077066","https://openalex.org/W4220776756","https://openalex.org/W4225980184","https://openalex.org/W4285819927","https://openalex.org/W4293193091","https://openalex.org/W4309484853","https://openalex.org/W4312388850","https://openalex.org/W4312972532","https://openalex.org/W4378981560","https://openalex.org/W4388262031","https://openalex.org/W4390603798","https://openalex.org/W4390905778","https://openalex.org/W4407691133","https://openalex.org/W4409466208","https://openalex.org/W4410639212","https://openalex.org/W4411203607","https://openalex.org/W4412712020","https://openalex.org/W4413020384","https://openalex.org/W4413553924","https://openalex.org/W4413765443","https://openalex.org/W4414598651"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract-Motivated":[0],"by":[1],"technology":[2,7,20,56,98,140,154,189,216,250,291],"licensing":[3,21,99,155,162,190,225,235,251,255,300],"practices":[4],"in":[5,23,195],"emerging":[6],"industries":[8],"with":[9],"high":[10],"demand":[11,62,104,253,319],"uncertainty,":[12],"we":[13],"investigate":[14],"firms'":[15,94],"production":[16,72,83,95,231,281,328],"timing":[17,96,232,311,329],"decisions":[18,100,233],"and":[19,34,48,79,97,106,148,168,177,184,224,234,243,323],"strategies":[22],"a":[24,35,113,188,201],"supply":[25,263,336],"chain":[26,264],"consisting":[27],"of":[28,64,206,221,230,273,299,309],"two":[29,209],"original":[30],"equipment":[31],"manufacturers":[32,39,210],"(OEMs)":[33],"common":[36,46,159],"supplier.":[37,59,160],"Both":[38],"source":[40],"their":[41],"key":[42],"components":[43],"from":[44,123],"the":[45,49,58,61,103,107,118,143,153,158,181,193,213,228,246,257,306,335],"supplier,":[47],"innovative":[50,119,144,182],"manufacturer":[51,115,120,145],"can":[52,186],"license":[53],"its":[54,149],"quality-improving":[55,65],"to":[57,75,86,245,256,278,283,326],"Considering":[60],"variability":[63,105],"innovation,":[66],"firms":[67],"may":[68,121,259],"adopt":[69,279],"an":[70,81],"ex-post":[71,280],"scheme":[73,84],"(PS)":[74,282],"avoid":[76],"market":[77,88,108,196,286],"risk":[78],"choose":[80,270],"ex-ante":[82],"(AS)":[85],"obtain":[87,132],"leadership.":[89],"Our":[90,238],"findings":[91],"reveal":[92],"that":[93,330],"depend":[101],"on":[102,249,305],"potential":[109,197],"difference.":[110],"Interestingly,":[111],"if":[112,135],"low-quality":[114,164,274],"implements":[116],"AS,":[117],"benefit":[122],"AS":[124,138,147],"under":[125,139,252],"no":[126],"licensing.":[127,141,217,292],"However,":[128],"neither":[129],"firm":[130],"will":[131,156,211],"more":[133,166,175],"benefits":[134],"both":[136,268],"implement":[137],"When":[142],"adopts":[146,151],"competitor":[150],"PS,":[152,170],"hurt":[157],"Technology":[161],"makes":[163],"OEMs":[165,173,269,275],"cautious":[167],"prefer":[169,178],"while":[171],"high-quality":[172],"are":[174,276],"aggressive":[176],"AS.":[179,271],"Moreover,":[180],"OEM":[183],"supplier":[185,258],"reach":[187],"agreement":[191],"when":[192,267,289],"difference":[194],"is":[198],"greater":[199],"than":[200],"small":[202],"threshold.":[203],"The":[204,218],"intensity":[205],"competition":[207,321],"among":[208],"raise":[212],"threshold":[214],"for":[215],"extended":[219],"model":[220],"innovation":[222],"costs":[223],"fees":[226],"verifies":[227],"robustness":[229],"strategy":[236],"choices.":[237],"study":[239],"provides":[240],"novel":[241],"insights":[242],"contributes":[244],"growing":[247],"literature":[248],"uncertainty.":[254],"unintentionally":[260],"reduce":[261],"overall":[262],"profit,":[265],"especially":[266,288],"Managers":[272],"advised":[277],"hedge":[284],"against":[285],"risk,":[287],"facing":[290],"For":[293],"suppliers,":[294],"strategic":[295],"acceptance":[296],"or":[297],"refusal":[298],"contracts":[301],"should":[302],"be":[303],"based":[304],"specific":[307],"combination":[308],"OEMs'":[310],"strategies.":[312],"Therefore,":[313],"engineering":[314],"leaders":[315],"must":[316],"jointly":[317],"consider":[318],"volatility,":[320],"intensity,":[322],"partner":[324],"behaviour":[325],"decide":[327],"maximize":[331],"long-term":[332],"value":[333],"across":[334],"chain.":[337]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2025-12-02T00:00:00"}
