{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409077093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3556191","title":"Transforming e-Participatory Budgeting With Blockchain: Boosting Transparency and Citizen Engagement","display_name":"Transforming e-Participatory Budgeting With Blockchain: Boosting Transparency and Citizen Engagement","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409077093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3556191"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2025.3556191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3556191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027777490","display_name":"Mohammad Mustafa Ibrahimy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6203-4770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193629610","display_name":"Tallinn University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mey9k78","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193629610"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mustafa Ibrahimy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Digital Technologies, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6203-4770","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Technologies, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193629610"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077273519","display_name":"Alex Norta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0593-8244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193629610","display_name":"Tallinn University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mey9k78","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193629610"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Norta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baltic Film, Media and Arts School, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia","Baltic Film, Media and Arts School, Tallinn University, Dymaxion OU, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0593-8244","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baltic Film, Media and Arts School, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193629610"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baltic Film, Media and Arts School, Tallinn University, Dymaxion OU, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193629610"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081335821","display_name":"Peeter Normak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8631-3686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193629610","display_name":"Tallinn University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mey9k78","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193629610"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peeter Normak","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Digital Technologies, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8631-3686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Technologies, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193629610"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093255812","display_name":"Hadi Nowandish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8817-5523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193629610","display_name":"Tallinn University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mey9k78","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193629610"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Nowandish","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Digital Technologies, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Technologies, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193629610"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.0685,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99437486,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1376","last_page":"1403"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10953","display_name":"E-Government and Public Services","score":0.8141000270843506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10953","display_name":"E-Government and Public Services","score":0.8141000270843506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11461","display_name":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","score":0.7325000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11257","display_name":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","score":0.7092999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.873252272605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.8455019593238831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-journalism","display_name":"Citizen journalism","score":0.611900269985199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.6038825511932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5226485729217529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-science","display_name":"Citizen science","score":0.4317846894264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3515138626098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27203214168548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20501330494880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10741642117500305}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.873252272605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.8455019593238831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.611900269985199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6038825511932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5226485729217529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197352329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093434","display_name":"Citizen science","level":2,"score":0.4317846894264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3515138626098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27203214168548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20501330494880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10741642117500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2025.3556191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3556191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2581361490","https://openalex.org/W2902638435","https://openalex.org/W2985410792","https://openalex.org/W3007731641","https://openalex.org/W3012232903","https://openalex.org/W3023634038","https://openalex.org/W3088867239","https://openalex.org/W3095656130","https://openalex.org/W3124416857","https://openalex.org/W3125132072","https://openalex.org/W3127124418","https://openalex.org/W3157908492","https://openalex.org/W3173458516","https://openalex.org/W3185923926","https://openalex.org/W3187352086","https://openalex.org/W3194175399","https://openalex.org/W3196472477","https://openalex.org/W3203969320","https://openalex.org/W3214943623","https://openalex.org/W3216914051","https://openalex.org/W4200153406","https://openalex.org/W4200176133","https://openalex.org/W4213351811","https://openalex.org/W4213452869","https://openalex.org/W4214764317","https://openalex.org/W4221101475","https://openalex.org/W4223892909","https://openalex.org/W4225287934","https://openalex.org/W4225645760","https://openalex.org/W4226039617","https://openalex.org/W4226193521","https://openalex.org/W4229367706","https://openalex.org/W4233152543","https://openalex.org/W4280573086","https://openalex.org/W4281756018","https://openalex.org/W4281786985","https://openalex.org/W4283738729","https://openalex.org/W4285218062","https://openalex.org/W4287890976","https://openalex.org/W4292387557","https://openalex.org/W4297226035","https://openalex.org/W4306154121","https://openalex.org/W4312060927","https://openalex.org/W4312992756","https://openalex.org/W4313591134","https://openalex.org/W4317536077","https://openalex.org/W4319663624","https://openalex.org/W4321443558","https://openalex.org/W4321458928","https://openalex.org/W4322758989","https://openalex.org/W4366439490","https://openalex.org/W4378650368","https://openalex.org/W4378835706","https://openalex.org/W4380568660","https://openalex.org/W4383227141","https://openalex.org/W4383751512","https://openalex.org/W4384563722","https://openalex.org/W4386952512","https://openalex.org/W4387641254","https://openalex.org/W4387933056","https://openalex.org/W4387933413","https://openalex.org/W4388270400","https://openalex.org/W4388272500","https://openalex.org/W4389504505","https://openalex.org/W4390031891","https://openalex.org/W4390569091","https://openalex.org/W4390644283","https://openalex.org/W4391235337","https://openalex.org/W4391514308","https://openalex.org/W4391867525","https://openalex.org/W4393022470","https://openalex.org/W4394564752","https://openalex.org/W4394627283","https://openalex.org/W4396852937","https://openalex.org/W4396941176","https://openalex.org/W4396977999","https://openalex.org/W4399036737","https://openalex.org/W4399438620","https://openalex.org/W4400569515","https://openalex.org/W4401404522","https://openalex.org/W4401515054","https://openalex.org/W4401646270","https://openalex.org/W4405245391","https://openalex.org/W4406270996","https://openalex.org/W6765531822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W2128179611","https://openalex.org/W3200156673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrating":[0],"blockchain":[1,124],"technology":[2],"into":[3,165,184],"the":[4,22,73,106,132,137,149,172],"public":[5,84],"sector":[6],"promotes":[7],"transparency,":[8],"accountability,":[9],"and":[10,57,99,115,134,140,178],"citizen":[11,92,146],"participation":[12],"in":[13,27,36,76,148],"e-government":[14],"services.":[15],"This":[16],"study":[17,33,71],"discovers":[18],"key":[19],"challenges":[20],"of":[21,83,88,109,123,131,136,157],"e-participatory":[23],"budgeting":[24,61],"(e-PB)":[25],"model":[26,156],"Estonia":[28],"using":[29,65],"an":[30],"exploratory":[31],"case":[32],"research":[34],"method":[35],"software":[37],"engineering.":[38],"We":[39,152],"conducted":[40],"semistructured":[41],"interviews":[42],"with":[43],"16":[44],"participants,":[45],"including":[46,111],"local":[47],"government":[48],"officials":[49],"from":[50],"multiple":[51,162],"Estonian":[52],"municipalities,":[53],"e-democracy":[54],"experts,":[55],"citizens,":[56],"IT":[58],"and/or":[59],"participatory":[60],"(PB)":[62],"project":[63],"managers,":[64],"a":[66,154,166],"snowball-purpose":[67],"sampling":[68],"technique.":[69],"The":[70],"highlights":[72],"main":[74],"issues":[75],"existing":[77],"e-PB":[78,150,159,163],"systems,":[79],"such":[80],"as":[81],"lack":[82],"deliberation,":[85],"inadequate":[86],"tracking":[87,130],"PB":[89,138],"funds,":[90],"low":[91],"participation,":[93,143],"transparency":[94],"issues,":[95],"data":[96,126],"manipulation":[97,127],"risks,":[98,128],"inclusivity":[100],"concerns.":[101],"Our":[102],"findings":[103],"indicate":[104],"that":[105,160],"core":[107],"attributes":[108],"blockchain,":[110],"decentralization,":[112],"immutability,":[113],"traceability,":[114],"disintermediation,":[116],"mitigate":[117],"these":[118],"issues.":[119],"These":[120],"intrinsic":[121],"characteristics":[122],"prevent":[125],"facilitate":[129],"status":[133],"budget":[135],"project,":[139],"ensure":[141],"equal":[142],"thus":[144],"fostering":[145],"trust":[147],"system.":[151],"propose":[153],"conceptual":[155],"blockchain-based":[158,182],"unifies":[161],"systems":[164],"single":[167],"platform.":[168],"Finally,":[169],"we":[170],"discuss":[171],"practical":[173],"implications":[174],"for":[175],"engineering":[176],"managers":[177],"policymakers":[179],"who":[180],"integrate":[181],"solutions":[183],"e-governance":[185],"systems.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}