{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4372055512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2023.3269731","title":"Hurdles in University-Industry Technology Transfer: Why Research-Based Inventions are Not Transferred to the Market?","display_name":"Hurdles in University-Industry Technology Transfer: Why Research-Based Inventions are Not Transferred to the Market?","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4372055512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2023.3269731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2023.3269731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2023.3269731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019250667","display_name":"Daniele Battaglia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3380-975X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Battaglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESCP Business School, Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3380-975X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESCP Business School, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000768502","display_name":"Emilio Paolucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1249-8179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilio Paolucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1249-8179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026148599","display_name":"Elisa Ughetto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6019-1051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisa Ughetto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6019-1051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.335,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89647305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"13415","last_page":"13427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13276","display_name":"University-Industry-Government Innovation Models","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercialization","display_name":"Commercialization","score":0.9733139276504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-transfer","display_name":"Technology transfer","score":0.774227499961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5082547068595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-transfer","display_name":"Knowledge transfer","score":0.4891650974750519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4784929156303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"Intellectual property","score":0.45313894748687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-communication","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","score":0.41533300280570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.35532912611961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.3236190676689148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2999383807182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.2853546738624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.17801114916801453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.12904614210128784}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780625559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152592","display_name":"Commercialization","level":2,"score":0.9733139276504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985879086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061910","display_name":"Technology transfer","level":2,"score":0.774227499961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5082547068595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776960227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2586354","display_name":"Knowledge transfer","level":2,"score":0.4891650974750519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4784929156303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.45313894748687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.41533300280570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.35532912611961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.3236190676689148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2999383807182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2853546738624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17801114916801453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.12904614210128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2023.3269731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2023.3269731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W760032320","https://openalex.org/W1515587369","https://openalex.org/W1593748481","https://openalex.org/W1930074288","https://openalex.org/W1968352903","https://openalex.org/W1969116946","https://openalex.org/W1972571191","https://openalex.org/W1983419585","https://openalex.org/W1989961471","https://openalex.org/W1990253762","https://openalex.org/W1991308616","https://openalex.org/W2002554683","https://openalex.org/W2006399059","https://openalex.org/W2021043697","https://openalex.org/W2025897332","https://openalex.org/W2038028648","https://openalex.org/W2038500374","https://openalex.org/W2060872994","https://openalex.org/W2081484363","https://openalex.org/W2086147005","https://openalex.org/W2088317576","https://openalex.org/W2095147841","https://openalex.org/W2099358840","https://openalex.org/W2108629300","https://openalex.org/W2115635458","https://openalex.org/W2128543716","https://openalex.org/W2129084460","https://openalex.org/W2147226379","https://openalex.org/W2167928095","https://openalex.org/W2168607130","https://openalex.org/W2170471415","https://openalex.org/W2467532141","https://openalex.org/W2467802751","https://openalex.org/W2511316014","https://openalex.org/W2512358365","https://openalex.org/W2674796436","https://openalex.org/W2743365167","https://openalex.org/W2753075731","https://openalex.org/W2753909577","https://openalex.org/W2775825197","https://openalex.org/W2782544489","https://openalex.org/W2788449479","https://openalex.org/W2839528835","https://openalex.org/W2897847182","https://openalex.org/W2906536408","https://openalex.org/W2921614777","https://openalex.org/W2925515791","https://openalex.org/W2940873314","https://openalex.org/W3046435082","https://openalex.org/W3084900093","https://openalex.org/W3121919130","https://openalex.org/W3122721832","https://openalex.org/W3122889249","https://openalex.org/W3125970620","https://openalex.org/W3126260521","https://openalex.org/W3126804905","https://openalex.org/W3159127448","https://openalex.org/W3196190708","https://openalex.org/W4205983724","https://openalex.org/W4206410064","https://openalex.org/W4210718190","https://openalex.org/W4220765533","https://openalex.org/W4220832479","https://openalex.org/W4244435195","https://openalex.org/W4292196346","https://openalex.org/W4296961488","https://openalex.org/W4389413005","https://openalex.org/W6842181002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3198338713","https://openalex.org/W2769423129","https://openalex.org/W3162441110","https://openalex.org/W2489914096","https://openalex.org/W4297819405","https://openalex.org/W4365446366","https://openalex.org/W3180081793","https://openalex.org/W2114296875","https://openalex.org/W152890725","https://openalex.org/W2078153002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"their":[1,99],"importance,":[2],"previous":[3],"literature":[4],"on":[5,56],"university-industry":[6],"technology":[7,94,134],"transfer":[8,39,95,135,143],"has":[9],"overlooked":[10],"identifying":[11],"the":[12,15,18,35,38,46,76,109,120,142,155],"factors":[13,36,87],"and":[14,82,93,98,115,146,160],"mechanisms":[16],"inhibiting":[17,37],"successful":[19],"commercialization":[20,77],"of":[21,40,73,78,122,144,157],"research-based":[22],"inventions":[23],"(RBIs).":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"article,":[27],"we":[28,102,152],"adopt":[29],"an":[30],"inductive":[31],"approach":[32],"to":[33,45,118,138,141,150],"explore":[34],"RBIs":[41,58],"developed":[42,59],"within":[43,60],"universities":[44,97,149],"market.":[47],"We":[48,125],"do":[49],"so":[50],"by":[51,133],"conducting":[52],"a":[53,61],"case":[54],"study":[55],"15":[57],"prominent":[62],"Italian":[63],"technical":[64],"university.":[65],"Our":[66],"results":[67],"show":[68],"that":[69,105],"three":[70,86],"main":[71],"classes":[72],"inhibitors":[74,107,129],"prevent":[75],"RBIs:":[79],"institutional,":[80],"interpersonal,":[81],"cultural.":[83],"Although":[84],"all":[85],"are":[88,108],"important":[89],"in":[90,162],"preventing":[91],"knowledge":[92,145],"between":[96],"industrial":[100],"ecosystem,":[101],"find":[103],"out":[104],"relational":[106,123],"most":[110],"prevalent":[111],"ones,":[112],"whereas":[113],"institutional":[114],"cultural":[116],"contribute":[117],"reinforcing":[119],"effect":[121],"inhibitors.":[124,165],"discuss":[126,154],"how":[127],"such":[128,164],"could":[130],"be":[131],"tackled":[132],"ecosystem":[136],"actors":[137],"eliminate":[139],"obstacles":[140],"technologies":[147],"from":[148],"industry;":[151],"also":[153],"effectiveness":[156],"formal":[158],"policies":[159],"instruments":[161],"lowering":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
