{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366310752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2023.3264566","title":"Reinforcement Learning With Data Envelopment Analysis and Conditional Value-At-Risk for the Capacity Expansion Problem","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning With Data Envelopment Analysis and Conditional Value-At-Risk for the Capacity Expansion Problem","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366310752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2023.3264566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2023.3264566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tem.2023.3264566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021866378","display_name":"Chia\u2010Yen Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2928-3337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Yen Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048698405","display_name":"Yen-Wen Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yen-Wen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Manufacturing Information and Systems, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Manufacturing Information and Systems, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021866378"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5272,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83133023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"6469","last_page":"6480"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8019874691963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-envelopment-analysis","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","score":0.7953590154647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6150081157684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.5370195508003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4789465069770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.371202290058136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.34189745783805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2596399188041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19656026363372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16945093870162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1074664294719696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8019874691963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22088475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647974","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","level":2,"score":0.7953590154647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6150081157684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5370195508003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4789465069770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.371202290058136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.34189745783805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2596399188041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19656026363372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16945093870162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1074664294719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2023.3264566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tem.2023.3264566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3197431913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST111-2628-E-002-019-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180405720","https://openalex.org/W1492662576","https://openalex.org/W1966820370","https://openalex.org/W1970281254","https://openalex.org/W1975802407","https://openalex.org/W1983454842","https://openalex.org/W1985689790","https://openalex.org/W1987725948","https://openalex.org/W1997956382","https://openalex.org/W2002030601","https://openalex.org/W2033171142","https://openalex.org/W2035735490","https://openalex.org/W2036891820","https://openalex.org/W2040645824","https://openalex.org/W2043425503","https://openalex.org/W2055810580","https://openalex.org/W2066692862","https://openalex.org/W2078590372","https://openalex.org/W2081157873","https://openalex.org/W2095569416","https://openalex.org/W2112036270","https://openalex.org/W2113044682","https://openalex.org/W2119567691","https://openalex.org/W2127834332","https://openalex.org/W2138945711","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2147680910","https://openalex.org/W2147996369","https://openalex.org/W2148892220","https://openalex.org/W2167125755","https://openalex.org/W2410514469","https://openalex.org/W2506768821","https://openalex.org/W2554234904","https://openalex.org/W2570842166","https://openalex.org/W2587310627","https://openalex.org/W2587579774","https://openalex.org/W2611308745","https://openalex.org/W2765295521","https://openalex.org/W2765302304","https://openalex.org/W2766424360","https://openalex.org/W2905843731","https://openalex.org/W2941603057","https://openalex.org/W2942928920","https://openalex.org/W2947873349","https://openalex.org/W2954940391","https://openalex.org/W2970857152","https://openalex.org/W2977518448","https://openalex.org/W2990187883","https://openalex.org/W2998059334","https://openalex.org/W3034419191","https://openalex.org/W3097496264","https://openalex.org/W3122514770","https://openalex.org/W3135485754","https://openalex.org/W3154060918","https://openalex.org/W3162902207","https://openalex.org/W3194396106","https://openalex.org/W3201371659","https://openalex.org/W3208825224","https://openalex.org/W4200475177","https://openalex.org/W4205161389","https://openalex.org/W4206336212","https://openalex.org/W4249642514","https://openalex.org/W4289515789","https://openalex.org/W6683300800","https://openalex.org/W6687063787"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2801360836","https://openalex.org/W2120745168","https://openalex.org/W2736559621","https://openalex.org/W2352291457","https://openalex.org/W2360317231","https://openalex.org/W4378625608","https://openalex.org/W2126538897","https://openalex.org/W2277194173","https://openalex.org/W2393998096","https://openalex.org/W2033726889"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,52,117],"capacity":[1,76,94,143],"expansion":[2],"problem":[3],"is":[4],"solved":[5],"by":[6,149,153],"accurately":[7],"measuring":[8],"the":[9,15,44,49,74,88,106,111,121,127,132,135,138,142],"existing":[10],"demand-supply":[11],"mismatch":[12],"and":[13,25,47,60,67,109,137,140,151,162],"controlling":[14],"emissions":[16],"output,":[17],"considering":[18],"multiple":[19],"objectives,":[20],"specific":[21],"constraints,":[22],"resource":[23,26],"diversity,":[24],"allocation.":[27],"This":[28],"article":[29],"proposes":[30],"a":[31],"reinforcement":[32],"learning":[33],"(RL)":[34],"framework":[35,54,108],"embedded":[36],"with":[37,92],"data":[38],"envelopment":[39],"analysis":[40],"(DEA)":[41],"to":[42,57,72,114],"generate":[43],"optimal":[45,128],"policy":[46,115,129],"guide":[48],"productivity":[50,160],"improvement.":[51],"proposed":[53,107],"uses":[55],"DEA":[56],"evaluate":[58],"efficiency":[59,148],"effectiveness":[61,152],"for":[62],"reward":[63,91],"estimation":[64],"in":[65,84],"RL,":[66],"also":[68],"assesses":[69],"conditional":[70],"value-at-risk":[71],"characterize":[73],"risk-averse":[75],"decision.":[77],"Instead":[78],"of":[79,101],"focusing":[80],"on":[81],"short-term":[82],"fluctuations":[83],"demand,":[85],"RL":[86,122,158],"optimizes":[87],"expected":[89],"future":[90],"sequential":[93],"decisions":[95],"over":[96,166],"time.":[97],"An":[98],"empirical":[99],"study":[100],"U.S.":[102],"power":[103],"generation":[104],"validates":[105],"provides":[110],"managerial":[112],"implications":[113],"makers.":[116],"results":[118],"show":[119],"that":[120,145,157],"agent":[123,136],"can":[124,146],"successfully":[125],"learn":[126],"through":[130],"observing":[131],"interactions":[133],"between":[134],"environment,":[139],"suggest":[141],"adjustment":[144],"improve":[147],"8.3%":[150],"0.9%.":[154],"We":[155],"conclude":[156],"complements":[159],"analysis,":[161],"emphasizes":[163],"ex-ante":[164],"planning":[165],"ex-post":[167],"evaluation.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
