{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226403805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2022.3159113","title":"When the Wind Blows: Incumbents\u2019 Sourcing Strategies for Wind Power","display_name":"When the Wind Blows: Incumbents\u2019 Sourcing Strategies for Wind Power","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226403805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2022.3159113"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2022.3159113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2022.3159113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019208136","display_name":"Ekundayo Shittu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3694-9034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ekundayo Shittu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3694-9034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057055085","display_name":"Carmen Weigelt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1141-5215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Weigelt","raw_affiliation_strings":["A.B. Freeman School of Business, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A.B. Freeman School of Business, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019208136"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0341,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87151862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"1374","last_page":"1393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12659","display_name":"Innovation Diffusion and Forecasting","score":0.8722000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12659","display_name":"Innovation Diffusion and Forecasting","score":0.8722000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.8079000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.7953000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6585412621498108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.6480098962783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.5854747295379639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.42370787262916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.3226020634174347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.0748414397239685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6585412621498108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.6480098962783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5854747295379639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.42370787262916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3226020634174347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0748414397239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2022.3159113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2022.3159113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1464465877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1847077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W187872431","https://openalex.org/W1491554624","https://openalex.org/W1516198559","https://openalex.org/W1516200583","https://openalex.org/W1541422837","https://openalex.org/W1551344444","https://openalex.org/W1608428593","https://openalex.org/W1865519352","https://openalex.org/W1882171459","https://openalex.org/W1968942643","https://openalex.org/W1978127735","https://openalex.org/W1982920049","https://openalex.org/W1989490996","https://openalex.org/W1993023795","https://openalex.org/W1995007392","https://openalex.org/W1997274643","https://openalex.org/W1999402056","https://openalex.org/W1999660206","https://openalex.org/W2003588506","https://openalex.org/W2025579080","https://openalex.org/W2031513649","https://openalex.org/W2040793419","https://openalex.org/W2042810780","https://openalex.org/W2044520590","https://openalex.org/W2044803648","https://openalex.org/W2051723242","https://openalex.org/W2058869237","https://openalex.org/W2067857640","https://openalex.org/W2070836866","https://openalex.org/W2090905065","https://openalex.org/W2096570145","https://openalex.org/W2098615148","https://openalex.org/W2099424475","https://openalex.org/W2100324077","https://openalex.org/W2113991966","https://openalex.org/W2115038651","https://openalex.org/W2116295271","https://openalex.org/W2117275101","https://openalex.org/W2123709218","https://openalex.org/W2126532881","https://openalex.org/W2129862350","https://openalex.org/W2130309539","https://openalex.org/W2135426026","https://openalex.org/W2136708869","https://openalex.org/W2141004455","https://openalex.org/W2147088137","https://openalex.org/W2148334805","https://openalex.org/W2156001743","https://openalex.org/W2156304718","https://openalex.org/W2162574719","https://openalex.org/W2166814848","https://openalex.org/W2167350343","https://openalex.org/W2180032840","https://openalex.org/W2180863964","https://openalex.org/W2182229702","https://openalex.org/W2244479696","https://openalex.org/W2273292814","https://openalex.org/W2324379116","https://openalex.org/W2363378650","https://openalex.org/W2381880499","https://openalex.org/W2440050518","https://openalex.org/W2560917506","https://openalex.org/W2601836191","https://openalex.org/W2609028387","https://openalex.org/W2744504827","https://openalex.org/W2794482579","https://openalex.org/W2891404145","https://openalex.org/W2898644495","https://openalex.org/W2899257872","https://openalex.org/W2911726718","https://openalex.org/W2924717486","https://openalex.org/W2955928872","https://openalex.org/W2990207337","https://openalex.org/W3118727769","https://openalex.org/W3121894471","https://openalex.org/W3122469647","https://openalex.org/W3122913828","https://openalex.org/W3123386210","https://openalex.org/W3123488115","https://openalex.org/W3124536214","https://openalex.org/W3125554979","https://openalex.org/W3125571233","https://openalex.org/W3146413966","https://openalex.org/W3150607599","https://openalex.org/W3197764820","https://openalex.org/W4244223722","https://openalex.org/W4255688361","https://openalex.org/W4298413470","https://openalex.org/W6629380344","https://openalex.org/W6632349167","https://openalex.org/W6632910136","https://openalex.org/W6636412006","https://openalex.org/W6685810125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498090503","https://openalex.org/W4206396619","https://openalex.org/W3032739460","https://openalex.org/W1544681840","https://openalex.org/W4214885392","https://openalex.org/W2779313565","https://openalex.org/W3132716659","https://openalex.org/W2187644337","https://openalex.org/W2192670466","https://openalex.org/W3009514698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"extant":[1],"research":[2],"on":[3],"sustainability":[4,38,83,203],"transitions":[5],"discusses":[6],"how":[7,25],"innovations":[8],"are":[9,125,163],"nurtured":[10],"in":[11,18,68,79,184,201],"protective":[12,29,102],"market":[13,30,103,195],"spaces":[14,104],"before":[15],"causing":[16],"change":[17],"established":[19,183],"industries,":[20],"we":[21,97],"know":[22],"less":[23,110],"about":[24],"characteristics":[26,100,196],"of":[27,61,88,101,120],"these":[28],"spaces,":[31],"policy,":[32],"and":[33,116,197],"resource":[34],"endowments":[35],"impact":[36,199],"incumbents\u2019":[37,48,80,106,146,202],"transition":[39],"pathways":[40],"for":[41,55,134,158,172,180],"a":[42,86,93,130,168],"new":[43],"technology.":[44],"We":[45,63,187],"distinguish":[46],"between":[47],"choice":[49],"to":[50,65,71,82,128,154,166,189],"embrace":[51],"innovation":[52,122,140,160],"by":[53,192],"contracting":[54],"wind":[56,135,173],"power":[57],"or":[58],"direct":[59],"ownership":[60,148],"windfarms.":[62],"contribute":[64,188],"recent":[66],"calls":[67],"the":[69,73,77,121,139,150,159,190],"literature":[70,191],"open":[72],"\u201cblack":[74],"box\u201d":[75],"surrounding":[76],"heterogeneity":[78,200],"responses":[81],"transitions.":[84,204],"In":[85],"sample":[87],"801":[89],"windfarm":[90,131,169],"transactions":[91],"over":[92],"14-year-time":[94],"period":[95],"(2004\u20132017),":[96],"find":[98],"that":[99,176,194],"affect":[105],"response:":[107],"incumbents":[108,162],"facing":[109],"experienced":[111],"niche":[112],"actors":[113],"(windfarm":[114],"developers)":[115],"acquiring":[117],"greater":[118,142],"capacities":[119],"(wind":[123],"power)":[124],"more":[126,164,182],"likely":[127,152,165],"own":[129,167],"than":[132,170],"contract":[133,171],"power.":[136,174],"Moreover,":[137],"if":[138],"has":[141],"physical":[143],"distance":[144],"from":[145],"operations,":[147],"is":[149,178],"incumbent's":[151],"response":[153],"innovation.":[155],"As":[156],"policies":[157],"persists,":[161],"However,":[175],"relationship":[177],"weakened":[179],"firms":[181],"existing":[185],"technologies.":[186],"demonstrating":[193],"policy":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}