{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285122474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2022.3155353","title":"Investigating the Factors Impacting Adversarial Attack and Defense Performances in Federated Learning","display_name":"Investigating the Factors Impacting Adversarial Attack and Defense Performances in Federated Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285122474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2022.3155353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2022.3155353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2022.3155353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/4229bd50-c94c-453d-b5cb-5430d02d651c","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068738723","display_name":"Nura Aljaafari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8049-1425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nura Aljaafari","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Faisal University, Department of Computer Science, Al Hofuf, KSA","Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982 KSA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8049-1425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Faisal University, Department of Computer Science, Al Hofuf, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982 KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066904836","display_name":"Mahmoud Nazzal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3375-0310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Nazzal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3375-0310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017180654","display_name":"Ahmad Sawalmeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7040-8963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118590987","display_name":"Northern Border University","ror":"https://ror.org/03j9tzj20","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad H. Sawalmeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of the Computer Science and the Remote Sensing Unit, Northern Border University, ARAR, KSA","Department of the Computer Science and the Remote Sensing Unit, Northern Border University, ARAR 92341 KSA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7040-8963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of the Computer Science and the Remote Sensing Unit, Northern Border University, ARAR, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of the Computer Science and the Remote Sensing Unit, Northern Border University, ARAR 92341 KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062119199","display_name":"Abdallah Khreishah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-713X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdallah Khreishah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-713X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083182384","display_name":"Muhammad Anan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-4985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134359838","display_name":"Alfaisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cdrtq48","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134359838"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Anan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, KSA","Department of Software Engineering, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533 KSA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-4985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134359838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533 KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134359838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081145748","display_name":"Abdulelah Algosaibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-4265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulelah Algosaibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Faisal University, Department of Computer Science, Al Hofuf, KSA","Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982 KSA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-4265","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Faisal University, Department of Computer Science, Al Hofuf, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982 KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049995499","display_name":"Mohammed Al-Naeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5682-6237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Abdulaziz Alnaeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Faisal University, Department of Computer Networks and Communications, Al Hofuf, KSA","Department of Computer Networks and Communications, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982 KSA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5682-6237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Faisal University, Department of Computer Networks and Communications, Al Hofuf, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Networks and Communications, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982 KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082711598","display_name":"Adel Aldalbahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-0480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel Aldalbahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Faisal University, Department of Computer Science, Al Hofuf, KSA","Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982 KSA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-0480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Faisal University, Department of Computer Science, Al Hofuf, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982 KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042394003","display_name":"Abdulaziz Alhumam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-2838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulaziz Alhumam","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Faisal University, Department of Computer Science, Al Hofuf, KSA","Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982 KSA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-2838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Faisal University, Department of Computer Science, Al Hofuf, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982 KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033820817","display_name":"Conrado P. Vizcarra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3990-9038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conrado P. Vizcarra","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Faisal University, Department of Computer Science, Al Hofuf, KSA","Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982 KSA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3990-9038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Faisal University, Department of Computer Science, Al Hofuf, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982 KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.655,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73393557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":null,"first_page":"12542","last_page":"12555"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.9011253118515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.8089334964752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.7374787926673889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6489816308021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.54239821434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.49643760919570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.4256439507007599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4225486218929291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32702362537384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30093616247177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.16076183319091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08287671208381653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.9011253118515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.8089334964752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.7374787926673889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6489816308021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.54239821434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.49643760919570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4256439507007599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4225486218929291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32702362537384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30093616247177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.16076183319091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08287671208381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2022.3155353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2022.3155353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/4229bd50-c94c-453d-b5cb-5430d02d651c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/4229bd50-c94c-453d-b5cb-5430d02d651c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aljaafari, N 2022, 'Investigating the Factors Impacting Adversarial Attack and Defense Performances in Federated Learning', IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2022.3155353","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/4229bd50-c94c-453d-b5cb-5430d02d651c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/4229bd50-c94c-453d-b5cb-5430d02d651c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aljaafari, N 2022, 'Investigating the Factors Impacting Adversarial Attack and Defense Performances in Federated Learning', IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2022.3155353","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007339694","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2140190241","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2530417694","https://openalex.org/W2535838896","https://openalex.org/W2748789698","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2886444620","https://openalex.org/W2963952467","https://openalex.org/W2964162474","https://openalex.org/W2973217491","https://openalex.org/W2979766322","https://openalex.org/W2981349114","https://openalex.org/W2982302101","https://openalex.org/W3002416713","https://openalex.org/W3006017224","https://openalex.org/W3015636663","https://openalex.org/W3018464563","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3035690533","https://openalex.org/W3086809868","https://openalex.org/W3091870957","https://openalex.org/W3107221896","https://openalex.org/W3109695251","https://openalex.org/W3112885687","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3123459983","https://openalex.org/W3133223205","https://openalex.org/W3133887922","https://openalex.org/W3138198612","https://openalex.org/W3151644976","https://openalex.org/W3166992878","https://openalex.org/W3168651634","https://openalex.org/W3179212946","https://openalex.org/W3195374612","https://openalex.org/W4206320562","https://openalex.org/W4210429318","https://openalex.org/W4382237406","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6676984168","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6743581629","https://openalex.org/W6743688258","https://openalex.org/W6754708698","https://openalex.org/W6756840679","https://openalex.org/W6758684365","https://openalex.org/W6764522968","https://openalex.org/W6768836789","https://openalex.org/W6772307254","https://openalex.org/W6775563089","https://openalex.org/W6779257870","https://openalex.org/W6780640148","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6790477327","https://openalex.org/W6790623991"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1883246888","https://openalex.org/W2370114625","https://openalex.org/W1756374135","https://openalex.org/W2062873522","https://openalex.org/W2947584067","https://openalex.org/W2280562859","https://openalex.org/W230721595","https://openalex.org/W3157230915","https://openalex.org/W1496728123","https://openalex.org/W2789975780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,40,60,86,93,129,132,166,174,180],"promising":[2,189],"success":[3],"of":[4,42,95,104,131,135,168,176],"federated":[5,96],"learning":[6,97],"in":[7,20,59,138],"various":[8],"application":[9],"areas,":[10],"its":[11,18,142],"inherent":[12],"vulnerability":[13,94],"to":[14,92,99,187],"adversarial":[15,100,133],"attacks":[16],"hinders":[17],"applicability":[19],"security-critical":[21],"areas.":[22],"This":[23,109],"calls":[24],"for":[25,35,147],"developing":[26,52,69],"viable":[27],"defense":[28,148,182],"measures":[29],"against":[30],"such":[31,70],"attacks.":[32],"A":[33],"prerequisite":[34],"this":[36,48,53,63,74,146,177],"development,":[37],"however,":[38],"is":[39,75,184],"understanding":[41,54],"what":[43],"creates,":[44],"promotes,":[45],"and":[46,89,106,117,119,144,159,171],"aggravates":[47],"vulnerability.":[49,178],"To":[50],"date,":[51],"remains":[55],"an":[56,66,71],"outstanding":[57],"gap":[58],"literature.":[61],"Accordingly,":[62],"paper":[64],"presents":[65],"attempt":[67],"at":[68],"understanding.":[72],"Primarily,":[73],"achieved":[76],"from":[77],"two":[78],"main":[79],"perspectives.":[80],"The":[81,124],"first":[82],"perspective":[83,126],"concerns":[84],"addressing":[85,111],"factors,":[87],"elements,":[88],"parameters":[90,170],"contributing":[91],"models":[98],"attacks,":[101],"their":[102],"degrees":[103],"severity,":[105],"combined":[107],"effects.":[108],"includes":[110],"diverse":[112],"operating":[113],"conditions,":[114],"attack":[115],"types":[116],"scenarios,":[118],"collaborations":[120],"between":[121],"attacking":[122],"agents.":[123],"second":[125],"regards":[127],"analyzing":[128],"appearance":[130],"property":[134],"a":[136],"model":[137],"how":[139],"it":[140],"updates":[141],"coefficients":[143],"exploiting":[145],"purposes.":[149],"These":[150],"analyses":[151],"are":[152],"conducted":[153],"through":[154],"extensive":[155],"experiments":[156],"on":[157,173],"image":[158],"text":[160],"classification":[161],"tasks.":[162],"Simulation":[163],"results":[164],"reveal":[165],"importance":[167],"specific":[169],"factors":[172],"severity":[175],"Besides,":[179],"proposed":[181],"strategy":[183],"shown":[185],"able":[186],"provide":[188],"performances.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}