{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175060896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2021.3080630","title":"A Cognizance of Green Bond Features Preferential to Renewable Energy Project Financing in Ghana","display_name":"A Cognizance of Green Bond Features Preferential to Renewable Energy Project Financing in Ghana","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175060896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2021.3080630","mag":"3175060896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2021.3080630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2021.3080630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/11845/1/Cognisance%20of%20Green%20Bond%20Features%20for%20Renewable%20Energy%20Project%20-%20OV%20%28003%29%20-%202026.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079453102","display_name":"De\u2010Graft Owusu\u2010Manu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-3210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28046988","display_name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb23x68","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28046988"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"De-Graft Owusu-Manu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Construction Technology and Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-3210","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Construction Technology and Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28046988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014145233","display_name":"Lawrence Martin Mankata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6916-2444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28046988","display_name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb23x68","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28046988"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Mankata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Construction Technology and Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6916-2444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Construction Technology and Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28046988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042760662","display_name":"David J. Edwards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-6000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080627382","display_name":"Hatem El\u2010Gohary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6139-7054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hatem El-Gohary","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business &amp; Economics, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6139-7054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business &amp; Economics, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089632054","display_name":"Javed Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9111-602X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javed Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["BLSS, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BLSS, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079453102"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28046988"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3047,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89218352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"3","first_page":"979","last_page":"990"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13146","display_name":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13146","display_name":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.9387000203132629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/issuer","display_name":"Issuer","score":0.716009795665741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-liquidity","display_name":"Market liquidity","score":0.6042230725288391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bond","display_name":"Bond","score":0.5979077816009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.5906219482421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5572171211242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.47949081659317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bond-market","display_name":"Bond market","score":0.46616464853286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.44887590408325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-rate","display_name":"Interest rate","score":0.4328465759754181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.410265177488327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-system","display_name":"Financial system","score":0.3344508409500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.28850823640823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08319777250289917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138170105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337949","display_name":"Issuer","level":2,"score":0.716009795665741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183582576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184783","display_name":"Market liquidity","level":2,"score":0.6042230725288391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11693","display_name":"Bond","level":2,"score":0.5979077816009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5906219482421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5572171211242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.47949081659317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197142791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540626","display_name":"Bond market","level":2,"score":0.46616464853286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.44887590408325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175025494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179179","display_name":"Interest rate","level":2,"score":0.4328465759754181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.410265177488327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.3344508409500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.28850823640823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08319777250289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2021.3080630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2021.3080630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk:11845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/11845/1/Cognisance%20of%20Green%20Bond%20Features%20for%20Renewable%20Energy%20Project%20-%20OV%20%28003%29%20-%202026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402654","display_name":"BCU Open Access Repository (Birmingham City University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","host_organization_name":"Birmingham City University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/51988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/51988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk:11845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/11845/1/Cognisance%20of%20Green%20Bond%20Features%20for%20Renewable%20Energy%20Project%20-%20OV%20%28003%29%20-%202026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402654","display_name":"BCU Open Access Repository (Birmingham City University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","host_organization_name":"Birmingham City University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3175060896.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3175060896.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W631612064","https://openalex.org/W1492127447","https://openalex.org/W1556425247","https://openalex.org/W1738524706","https://openalex.org/W1965200561","https://openalex.org/W1968351374","https://openalex.org/W1969274127","https://openalex.org/W1978636214","https://openalex.org/W2029141546","https://openalex.org/W2042780616","https://openalex.org/W2056921246","https://openalex.org/W2071723001","https://openalex.org/W2081938802","https://openalex.org/W2094350912","https://openalex.org/W2116160944","https://openalex.org/W2120761580","https://openalex.org/W2138239294","https://openalex.org/W2244708178","https://openalex.org/W2259223466","https://openalex.org/W2298445857","https://openalex.org/W2324764715","https://openalex.org/W2461419449","https://openalex.org/W2462934716","https://openalex.org/W2550939940","https://openalex.org/W2597236462","https://openalex.org/W2607286667","https://openalex.org/W2623935963","https://openalex.org/W2732064348","https://openalex.org/W2770239539","https://openalex.org/W2787880869","https://openalex.org/W2790466300","https://openalex.org/W2791702345","https://openalex.org/W2795319459","https://openalex.org/W2898766497","https://openalex.org/W2903239826","https://openalex.org/W2905488820","https://openalex.org/W2911253480","https://openalex.org/W2918340938","https://openalex.org/W2919028531","https://openalex.org/W2929926541","https://openalex.org/W2934172500","https://openalex.org/W2951250922","https://openalex.org/W2952439617","https://openalex.org/W2967840748","https://openalex.org/W2971668939","https://openalex.org/W2989985693","https://openalex.org/W2993308399","https://openalex.org/W2999869952","https://openalex.org/W3006308717","https://openalex.org/W3013268800","https://openalex.org/W3033441560","https://openalex.org/W3048526818","https://openalex.org/W3064419762","https://openalex.org/W3081322924","https://openalex.org/W3087126559","https://openalex.org/W3087914010","https://openalex.org/W3110752816","https://openalex.org/W3122638935","https://openalex.org/W3122803881","https://openalex.org/W3124071944","https://openalex.org/W3126029815","https://openalex.org/W3132833077","https://openalex.org/W4213034039","https://openalex.org/W4233650164","https://openalex.org/W4244989105","https://openalex.org/W4249036971","https://openalex.org/W6641464945","https://openalex.org/W6735247892","https://openalex.org/W6736506781","https://openalex.org/W6746443724","https://openalex.org/W6755495005","https://openalex.org/W6756628409","https://openalex.org/W6763978497","https://openalex.org/W6781771458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090027295","https://openalex.org/W4200472902","https://openalex.org/W3138490349","https://openalex.org/W2969421075","https://openalex.org/W2204269870","https://openalex.org/W3138944075","https://openalex.org/W2484913186","https://openalex.org/W4390144986","https://openalex.org/W4290725204","https://openalex.org/W3048690051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Issuance":[0],"of":[1,46,63,138,174],"green":[2],"bonds":[3],"(GBs)":[4],"is":[5,30],"valuable":[6],"for":[7,21,35,53,71,118,132],"developing":[8],"countries":[9],"because":[10],"it":[11],"provides":[12],"a":[13,72,136],"market":[14],"deepening":[15],"mechanism,":[16],"which":[17,48,74,140,155],"enables":[18],"greater":[19],"liquidity":[20],"investments":[22],"in":[23,39,79,122,145],"renewable":[24],"energy":[25],"(RE)":[26],"sector.":[27],"This":[28],"article":[29],"premised":[31],"on":[32],"the":[33,36,44,58,69,90,114,143,152,172,175],"outlook":[34],"first":[37],"GB":[38,120,168],"Ghana.":[40,123],"The":[41,98,149],"study":[42,150],"investigates":[43],"features":[45,62,117],"GBs,":[47],"investors":[49],"prioritize":[50],"as":[51],"preferential":[52,116],"RE":[54,182],"financing":[55],"(REF).":[56],"Employing":[57],"literature,":[59],"twelve":[60],"beneficial":[61],"GBs":[64,134,164],"were":[65,85],"identified":[66],"and":[67,87,94,109,178],"formed":[68],"based":[70],"questionnaire,":[73],"was":[75],"handed":[76],"to":[77,82,128,166,181],"experts":[78],"financial":[80],"institutions":[81],"complete.":[83],"Data":[84],"analysed":[86],"ranked":[88],"with":[89],"relative":[91],"importance":[92],"index":[93],"other":[95,129],"statistical":[96],"tests.":[97],"findings":[99],"illustrated":[100],"that":[101,126,170],"low-interest":[102],"rates,":[103],"similar":[104],"payback":[105],"period,":[106],"economic":[107],"convenience":[108],"transparency":[110],"issuance":[111],"are":[112],"among":[113],"top":[115],"feasible":[119],"rollouts":[121],"Findings":[124],"implied":[125],"akin":[127],"worldwide":[130],"cases":[131],"REF,":[133],"represent":[135],"degree":[137],"flexibility,":[139],"stems":[141],"from":[142],"homogeneity":[144],"their":[146],"respective":[147],"features.":[148],"illustrates":[151],"specific":[153],"priorities,":[154],"must":[156],"be":[157],"considered":[158],"by":[159],"potential":[160],"investors.":[161],"Resultantly,":[162],"enabling":[163],"issuers":[165],"develop":[167],"packages":[169],"suit":[171],"needs":[173],"investment":[176],"community":[177],"ultimately":[179],"contribute":[180],"targets\u2019":[183],"achievement.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T08:36:36.166977","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
