{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111029934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2020.3038855","title":"How Do Patent-Based Measures Inform Patent Collateral? A Holistic Analysis on All USPTO Patents Between 1986 and 2016","display_name":"How Do Patent-Based Measures Inform Patent Collateral? A Holistic Analysis on All USPTO Patents Between 1986 and 2016","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111029934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2020.3038855","mag":"3111029934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2020.3038855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2020.3038855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041660392","display_name":"Hsin\u2010Ning Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4325-0793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hsin-Ning Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Management of Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4325-0793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Management of Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041660392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7897,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80500809,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"6","first_page":"3265","last_page":"3275"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collateral","display_name":"Collateral","score":0.945622444152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/originality","display_name":"Originality","score":0.6669318079948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.6228615045547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generality","display_name":"Generality","score":0.5971688628196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4398554265499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.4394950270652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.4252597689628601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.4193785786628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2803453803062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2413157820701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.20615267753601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18759077787399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.09913703799247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.0883696973323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.07815468311309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.07325056195259094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694563","display_name":"Collateral","level":2,"score":0.945622444152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.6669318079948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.6228615045547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.5971688628196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4398554265499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.4394950270652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.4252597689628601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4193785786628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2803453803062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2413157820701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.20615267753601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18759077787399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.09913703799247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0883696973323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07815468311309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.07325056195259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2020.3038855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2020.3038855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163637867","https://openalex.org/W1191493393","https://openalex.org/W1497789111","https://openalex.org/W1537855369","https://openalex.org/W1580788756","https://openalex.org/W1589529420","https://openalex.org/W1754838585","https://openalex.org/W1967629308","https://openalex.org/W1972137350","https://openalex.org/W1974438538","https://openalex.org/W1976395435","https://openalex.org/W1977990066","https://openalex.org/W1981741124","https://openalex.org/W1990948347","https://openalex.org/W1996620564","https://openalex.org/W1998025025","https://openalex.org/W1998723582","https://openalex.org/W2003575784","https://openalex.org/W2005104421","https://openalex.org/W2005144066","https://openalex.org/W2008443823","https://openalex.org/W2010635808","https://openalex.org/W2016293597","https://openalex.org/W2020839849","https://openalex.org/W2026444725","https://openalex.org/W2030021000","https://openalex.org/W2033739267","https://openalex.org/W2037397418","https://openalex.org/W2054895652","https://openalex.org/W2056909456","https://openalex.org/W2064631417","https://openalex.org/W2069725931","https://openalex.org/W2072746611","https://openalex.org/W2072792116","https://openalex.org/W2073201008","https://openalex.org/W2082270871","https://openalex.org/W2083472615","https://openalex.org/W2084666386","https://openalex.org/W2092973370","https://openalex.org/W2093164629","https://openalex.org/W2104115831","https://openalex.org/W2121548015","https://openalex.org/W2124298085","https://openalex.org/W2124514830","https://openalex.org/W2137669694","https://openalex.org/W2143729688","https://openalex.org/W2144461615","https://openalex.org/W2164160548","https://openalex.org/W2165064575","https://openalex.org/W2165429918","https://openalex.org/W2192867646","https://openalex.org/W2343584522","https://openalex.org/W2567506458","https://openalex.org/W2614076275","https://openalex.org/W2744786323","https://openalex.org/W2808334065","https://openalex.org/W2809575743","https://openalex.org/W2891701035","https://openalex.org/W2940957397","https://openalex.org/W3021924892","https://openalex.org/W3121274285","https://openalex.org/W3121537542","https://openalex.org/W3121620594","https://openalex.org/W3121819401","https://openalex.org/W3121864463","https://openalex.org/W3122034848","https://openalex.org/W3122455458","https://openalex.org/W3122672724","https://openalex.org/W3122718753","https://openalex.org/W3122718841","https://openalex.org/W3122837480","https://openalex.org/W3123305227","https://openalex.org/W3123569894","https://openalex.org/W3124582879","https://openalex.org/W3124757962","https://openalex.org/W3125369541","https://openalex.org/W3125571233","https://openalex.org/W3125874494","https://openalex.org/W3126134117","https://openalex.org/W3144308956","https://openalex.org/W3147894994","https://openalex.org/W3174605565","https://openalex.org/W4206525126","https://openalex.org/W4249790766","https://openalex.org/W4299689471","https://openalex.org/W6606668412","https://openalex.org/W6629670976","https://openalex.org/W6650042329","https://openalex.org/W6681751251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2593155302","https://openalex.org/W2041415459","https://openalex.org/W3126095231","https://openalex.org/W2072812638","https://openalex.org/W2045049461","https://openalex.org/W4381094582","https://openalex.org/W2352855287","https://openalex.org/W1978893398","https://openalex.org/W2378906650","https://openalex.org/W2156603408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Technology":[0],"market":[1,20],"has":[2],"been":[3],"proposed":[4],"to":[5,46,78],"benefit":[6],"technology":[7,19],"development":[8],"and":[9,12,36,51,75,86,108,129],"increase":[10,82,112],"productivity,":[11],"there":[13,25],"is":[14,26],"a":[15],"growing":[16],"interest":[17],"on":[18],"in":[21],"recent":[22],"years.":[23],"However,":[24],"little":[27],"specific":[28],"guidance":[29],"documented":[30],"the":[31,40,117],"link":[32],"between":[33],"patent-based":[34,49,64],"measures":[35,50,65],"patent":[37,83,87,113,133],"collateral.":[38],"Therefore,":[39],"purpose":[41],"of":[42,92],"this":[43,93],"article":[44,59,94],"attempts":[45],"investigate":[47],"how":[48],"patents":[52],"used":[53,63],"as":[54],"collateral":[55,84,88,114,134],"are":[56],"related.":[57],"This":[58],"employed":[60],"eight":[61],"frequently":[62],"categorized":[66],"into":[67],"three":[68],"dimensions,":[69],"i.e.,":[70],"knowledge":[71],"flow,":[72],"technological":[73],"diversity,":[74],"legal":[76],"protection,":[77],"analyze":[79],"which":[80],"factors":[81],"likelihood":[85],"speed.":[89,135],"The":[90],"results":[91],"shows":[95],"that":[96],"reference":[97,120,123],"count,":[98,101,107,121,124,128],"times":[99],"cited":[100],"originality":[102,125],"index,":[103,105,126],"generality":[104],"claim":[106,127],"family":[109,130],"size":[110,131],"all":[111],"likelihood.":[115],"On":[116],"other":[118],"hand,":[119],"nonpatent":[122],"accelerate":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
