{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3049351926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2020.3009935","title":"A Global Study Into the Reasons for Lean Six Sigma Project Failures: Key Findings and Directions for Further Research","display_name":"A Global Study Into the Reasons for Lean Six Sigma Project Failures: Key Findings and Directions for Further Research","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3049351926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2020.3009935","mag":"3049351926"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2020.3009935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2020.3009935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057782868","display_name":"Jiju Antony","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-5736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085930","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/0059w0420","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]}],"countries":["GB","MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiju Antony","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Management, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-5736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Management, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511","https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040343405","display_name":"Fabiane Let\u00edcia Lizarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8959-9982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177909021","display_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdc6m37","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabiane Leticia Lizarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production Engineering, Federal University of S&#x00E3;o Carlos, S&#x00E3;o Carlos, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8959-9982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production Engineering, Federal University of S&#x00E3;o Carlos, S&#x00E3;o Carlos, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020364433","display_name":"Marcelo Machado Fernandes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8137-1801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8165072","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Itajub\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/00235nr42","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8165072"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo Machado Fernandes","raw_affiliation_strings":["MF Operational Excellence, Itajuba, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8137-1801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MF Operational Excellence, Itajuba, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8165072"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057782868"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511","https://openalex.org/I4210085930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9692,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96188792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"5","first_page":"2399","last_page":"2414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13164","display_name":"Quality and Management Systems","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/six-sigma","display_name":"Six Sigma","score":0.8803526163101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dmaic","display_name":"DMAIC","score":0.7914845943450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lean-six-sigma","display_name":"Lean Six Sigma","score":0.6903373003005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.492662250995636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.45575541257858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4433871805667877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lean-manufacturing","display_name":"Lean manufacturing","score":0.4150421619415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.412321001291275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.376497745513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.37097352743148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34608879685401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3459867238998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3417311906814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.3229489326477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10483807325363159}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23119410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236908","display_name":"Six Sigma","level":3,"score":0.8803526163101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205400985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380179","display_name":"DMAIC","level":4,"score":0.7914845943450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509447","display_name":"Lean Six Sigma","level":4,"score":0.6903373003005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.492662250995636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.45575541257858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4433871805667877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137335462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380772","display_name":"Lean manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.4150421619415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.412321001291275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.376497745513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.37097352743148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34608879685401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3459867238998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3417311906814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.3229489326477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10483807325363159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2020.3009935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2020.3009935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503546754","https://openalex.org/W1584589264","https://openalex.org/W1603061917","https://openalex.org/W1607420047","https://openalex.org/W1812720769","https://openalex.org/W1988050849","https://openalex.org/W2000380427","https://openalex.org/W2005835065","https://openalex.org/W2010033894","https://openalex.org/W2036599689","https://openalex.org/W2043238127","https://openalex.org/W2065989174","https://openalex.org/W2075040892","https://openalex.org/W2078817220","https://openalex.org/W2083259827","https://openalex.org/W2087442202","https://openalex.org/W2105846236","https://openalex.org/W2121657355","https://openalex.org/W2124656128","https://openalex.org/W2136945723","https://openalex.org/W2138769869","https://openalex.org/W2143490829","https://openalex.org/W2145287241","https://openalex.org/W2197834856","https://openalex.org/W2222094873","https://openalex.org/W2276076858","https://openalex.org/W2305571643","https://openalex.org/W2508644523","https://openalex.org/W2590101291","https://openalex.org/W2736955945","https://openalex.org/W2749707747","https://openalex.org/W2761914295","https://openalex.org/W2778143677","https://openalex.org/W2804455181","https://openalex.org/W2806943524","https://openalex.org/W2808297285","https://openalex.org/W2810068335","https://openalex.org/W2815997776","https://openalex.org/W2823893551","https://openalex.org/W2891235582","https://openalex.org/W2893384547","https://openalex.org/W2898173463","https://openalex.org/W2903370630","https://openalex.org/W2903641077","https://openalex.org/W2911716066","https://openalex.org/W2914951199","https://openalex.org/W2924826656","https://openalex.org/W2959032625","https://openalex.org/W2970199472","https://openalex.org/W2979014062","https://openalex.org/W2979432271","https://openalex.org/W2981461556","https://openalex.org/W3147343449","https://openalex.org/W4253574206","https://openalex.org/W6766970371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2757064773","https://openalex.org/W2148549871","https://openalex.org/W2065918673","https://openalex.org/W2164586163","https://openalex.org/W2022453933","https://openalex.org/W954853502","https://openalex.org/W4210812602","https://openalex.org/W2013973192","https://openalex.org/W599336953","https://openalex.org/W2883233252"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"low":[1],"success":[2],"rate":[3],"of":[4,9,12,15,73,120,127,144,161,163,180],"improvement":[5,34],"projects":[6,35,84,88],"is":[7,24,174],"one":[8],"the":[10,13,30,50,62,66,78,94,114,125,145,167],"causes":[11,119],"discontinuity":[14],"lean":[16],"six":[17,44],"sigma":[18,45],"(LSS)":[19],"initiatives":[20],"in":[21,37,64,93,159,178],"companies.":[22],"It":[23],"essential":[25],"to":[26,39,133],"identify":[27],"and":[28,43,68,85,98,107,137,142,147,169,182,190],"evaluate":[29],"reasons":[31],"why":[32],"LSS":[33,59,83],"fail":[36],"order":[38],"enable":[40],"LSS,":[41],"Lean,":[42],"sustainability.":[46],"This":[47,150],"article":[48,75,151],"presents":[49],"findings":[51],"from":[52],"a":[53,175],"global":[54],"survey":[55],"conducted":[56],"with":[57],"201":[58],"experts":[60],"around":[61],"world":[63],"both":[65],"service":[67,170],"manufacturing":[69,168],"sectors.":[70],"The":[71,117],"results":[72],"this":[74],"point":[76],"out":[77],"significant":[79,176],"failure":[80],"rates":[81,92],"for":[82],"alert":[86],"that":[87,153],"had":[89],"higher":[90],"termination":[91],"<italic":[95,99],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[96,100],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">measure</i>":[97],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">analyze</i>":[101],"phases":[102],"[define,":[103],"measure,":[104],"analyze,":[105],"improve,":[106],"control":[108,143],"(DMAIC)].":[109],"Failures":[110],"occur":[111],"primarily":[112],"at":[113],"corporate":[115],"level.":[116],"main":[118],"project":[121],"failures":[122],"identified":[123],"were":[124],"lack":[126],"commitment":[128],"by":[129],"top":[130],"management,":[131],"resistance":[132],"change,":[134],"inadequate":[135],"rewards":[136],"recognition":[138],"mechanisms,":[139],"inconsistent":[140],"monitoring":[141],"projects,":[146],"poor":[148],"communication.":[149],"shows":[152],"there":[154,173],"are":[155],"some":[156],"minor":[157],"differences":[158],"terms":[160,179],"ranking":[162],"these":[164],"factors":[165],"between":[166],"sectors,":[171],"but":[172],"difference":[177],"continent":[181],"belt":[183],"level":[184],"(master":[185],"black":[186,188],"belts,":[187,189],"green":[191],"belts).":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
