{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041693093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2020.3004237","title":"Identifying the Determinants of Innovation Capability With Machine Learning and Patents","display_name":"Identifying the Determinants of Innovation Capability With Machine Learning and Patents","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041693093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2020.3004237","mag":"3041693093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2020.3004237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2020.3004237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029398557","display_name":"Linda Ponta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-6207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802304065","display_name":"University Carlo Cattaneo","ror":"https://ror.org/045x2ah69","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802304065"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Linda Ponta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita Carlo Cattaneo, Castellanza, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-6207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita Carlo Cattaneo, Castellanza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802304065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037340699","display_name":"Gloria Puliga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-1541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802304065","display_name":"University Carlo Cattaneo","ror":"https://ror.org/045x2ah69","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802304065"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gloria Puliga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita Carlo Cattaneo, Castellanza, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-1541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita Carlo Cattaneo, Castellanza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802304065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045802198","display_name":"Luca Oneto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8445-395X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Oneto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8445-395X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037131356","display_name":"Raffaella Manzini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2998-2784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802304065","display_name":"University Carlo Cattaneo","ror":"https://ror.org/045x2ah69","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802304065"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaella Manzini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita Carlo Cattaneo, Castellanza, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2998-2784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita Carlo Cattaneo, Castellanza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802304065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029398557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802304065"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9603321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"5","first_page":"2144","last_page":"2154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.6512238383293152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.5295965075492859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-advantage","display_name":"Competitive advantage","score":0.4943692684173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4913555681705475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48523736000061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4737045466899872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4735012650489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.46655982732772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-analysis","display_name":"Patent analysis","score":0.43081629276275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.4213988184928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3938075006008148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35330575704574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.31235751509666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.2898561656475067}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.6512238383293152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5295965075492859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58546491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207","display_name":"Competitive advantage","level":2,"score":0.4943692684173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4913555681705475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48523736000061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4737045466899872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4735012650489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.46655982732772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110998","display_name":"Patent analysis","level":2,"score":0.43081629276275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4213988184928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3938075006008148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35330575704574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.31235751509666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2898561656475067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2020.3004237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2020.3004237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arl.liuc.it:2468/6917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://arl.liuc.it/dspace/handle/2468/6917","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articolo in rivista internazionale referenziata"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1086479","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1086479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551905080","https://openalex.org/W1576808520","https://openalex.org/W1587078375","https://openalex.org/W1645371533","https://openalex.org/W1666529990","https://openalex.org/W1840208138","https://openalex.org/W1871376293","https://openalex.org/W1903698514","https://openalex.org/W1944584271","https://openalex.org/W1970436654","https://openalex.org/W1973447583","https://openalex.org/W2004195467","https://openalex.org/W2006077640","https://openalex.org/W2014264621","https://openalex.org/W2023940046","https://openalex.org/W2030932992","https://openalex.org/W2031133810","https://openalex.org/W2033419046","https://openalex.org/W2034091845","https://openalex.org/W2035373815","https://openalex.org/W2039346833","https://openalex.org/W2056909456","https://openalex.org/W2069725931","https://openalex.org/W2078303826","https://openalex.org/W2084110222","https://openalex.org/W2106525823","https://openalex.org/W2115846092","https://openalex.org/W2119479037","https://openalex.org/W2121394390","https://openalex.org/W2123662374","https://openalex.org/W2136448899","https://openalex.org/W2136870923","https://openalex.org/W2149963599","https://openalex.org/W2155277246","https://openalex.org/W2159537471","https://openalex.org/W2160703039","https://openalex.org/W2162772535","https://openalex.org/W2179492332","https://openalex.org/W2183708042","https://openalex.org/W2260425504","https://openalex.org/W2269242729","https://openalex.org/W2285493666","https://openalex.org/W2343996969","https://openalex.org/W2474894268","https://openalex.org/W2490023472","https://openalex.org/W2530836230","https://openalex.org/W2532425779","https://openalex.org/W2567506458","https://openalex.org/W2579744028","https://openalex.org/W2591701729","https://openalex.org/W2746343242","https://openalex.org/W2768852601","https://openalex.org/W2793609653","https://openalex.org/W2807721473","https://openalex.org/W2810758891","https://openalex.org/W2884509223","https://openalex.org/W2890935005","https://openalex.org/W2896685184","https://openalex.org/W2898251811","https://openalex.org/W2908394149","https://openalex.org/W2944093134","https://openalex.org/W3021756587","https://openalex.org/W3123586215","https://openalex.org/W3124002336","https://openalex.org/W3125769622","https://openalex.org/W3125883168","https://openalex.org/W4236362309","https://openalex.org/W4249441948","https://openalex.org/W4249777288","https://openalex.org/W4300545775","https://openalex.org/W4396680941","https://openalex.org/W6637386731","https://openalex.org/W6692513149","https://openalex.org/W6722680694","https://openalex.org/W6743865606","https://openalex.org/W6790587931"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386799044","https://openalex.org/W2773208253","https://openalex.org/W2560646951","https://openalex.org/W4297454206","https://openalex.org/W65104662","https://openalex.org/W1871748041","https://openalex.org/W2362286668","https://openalex.org/W2133382151","https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Innovation":[0],"capability":[1],"(IC)":[2],"is":[3,50],"a":[4,144,167,208],"fundamental":[5],"firms\u2019":[6],"strategic":[7],"asset":[8],"to":[9,51,58,78,105,109,191,194,221],"sustain":[10],"competitive":[11],"advantage.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14,48,94,161,211],"article,":[15],"relying":[16],"on":[17],"patent":[18,102,155,219],"data,":[19],"patents":[20,32,54,227],"forward":[21],"citations":[22],"are":[23,37,56,63,91,136],"used":[24],"as":[25,39,113,140,184],"proxy":[26,40],"of":[27,41,47,66,73,117,156,175,189],"IC":[28,42,67,107,198],"and":[29,34,88,122,130,147,153,199,203,217,228],"the":[30,64,99,114,118,127,141,148,151,157,170,173,181,187,196,215],"main":[31,45],"numerical":[33],"categorical":[35],"variables":[36,135,190,220],"considered":[38,193,223],"determinants.":[43],"The":[44],"purpose":[46],"article":[49,162,212],"understand":[52],"which":[53,62],"features":[55,103],"relevant":[57,218],"predict":[59,106],"IC,":[60],"i.e.,":[61],"determinants":[65],"within":[68],"patents.":[69],"Three":[70],"different":[71],"algorithms":[72],"machine":[74,176],"learning,":[75],"widely":[76],"applied":[77,92],"model":[79],"real-world":[80],"phenomena,":[81],"regularized":[82],"least":[83],"squares,":[84],"deep":[85],"neural":[86],"networks,":[87],"random":[89],"forest":[90],"for":[93],"investigation.":[95],"Results":[96],"show":[97],"that":[98],"most":[100],"important":[101],"useful":[104],"refer":[108],"internal":[110],"determinants,":[111],"such":[112,139],"technological":[115],"scope":[116],"company":[119],"(technological":[120],"domains":[121],"International":[123],"Patent":[124],"Classification":[125],"classes),":[126],"backward":[128],"citations,":[129],"technical":[131],"concepts.":[132],"Some":[133],"external":[134],"also":[137],"relevant,":[138],"family":[142],"size,":[143],"time-related":[145],"variable,":[146],"timespan":[149],"between":[150],"youngest":[152],"oldest":[154],"family.":[158],"Implications":[159],"from":[160],"concern":[163],"two":[164],"perspectives.":[165],"From":[166,207],"methodological":[168],"perspective,":[169],"study":[171],"shows":[172],"usefulness":[174],"learning":[177],"approaches":[178],"in":[179],"simplifying":[180],"decision-making":[182],"process":[183],"they":[185,200],"reduce":[186],"number":[188],"be":[192,222],"investigate":[195],"company\u2019s":[197],"provide":[201],"accurate":[202],"easily":[204],"interpretable":[205],"result.":[206],"managerial":[209],"standpoint,":[210],"points":[213],"out":[214],"few":[216],"when":[224],"dealing":[225],"with":[226],"IC.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T09:01:20.584952","created_date":"2020-07-16T00:00:00"}