{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998499530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2019.2958785","title":"Advancing the Use of an Analytical Hierarchy Process and Improved Random Indexes for Making Prioritized Decisions in Systems","display_name":"Advancing the Use of an Analytical Hierarchy Process and Improved Random Indexes for Making Prioritized Decisions in Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998499530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2019.2958785","mag":"2998499530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2019.2958785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2019.2958785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052044561","display_name":"Brian Connett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5790-927X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158971","display_name":"United States Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/00znex860","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I189158971","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Connett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Weapons, Robotics and Control Engineering, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5790-927X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Weapons, Robotics and Control Engineering, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048441822","display_name":"Bryan M. O\u2019Halloran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6250-0615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan M. O'Halloran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069680543","display_name":"Anthony Pollman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1459-4175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony G. Pollman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6569,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71245317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"6","first_page":"2791","last_page":"2805"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12945","display_name":"Quality Function Deployment in Product Design","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6250014305114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.6046579480171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-functional-requirement","display_name":"Non-functional requirement","score":0.6044064164161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5980226993560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder","display_name":"Stakeholder","score":0.5954539775848389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-engineering","display_name":"Requirements engineering","score":0.514437735080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.508466362953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.4684244394302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.3666727840900421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2935844361782074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.20321261882781982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.12738969922065735}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6250014305114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.6046579480171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199747065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3254666","display_name":"Non-functional requirement","level":5,"score":0.6044064164161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5980226993560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.5954539775848389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6604083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376937","display_name":"Requirements engineering","level":3,"score":0.514437735080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.508466362953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.4684244394302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3666727840900421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2935844361782074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.20321261882781982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.12738969922065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2019.2958785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2019.2958785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:calhoun.nps.edu:10945/65003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10945/65003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400952","display_name":"Calhoun: The Naval Postgraduate School Institutional Archive (Naval Postgraduate School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","host_organization_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537202","https://openalex.org/W23650822","https://openalex.org/W158950929","https://openalex.org/W225146778","https://openalex.org/W636233281","https://openalex.org/W980672234","https://openalex.org/W1496395723","https://openalex.org/W1502925880","https://openalex.org/W1578807596","https://openalex.org/W1588849476","https://openalex.org/W1595758044","https://openalex.org/W1641233526","https://openalex.org/W1660445751","https://openalex.org/W1822004825","https://openalex.org/W1904755166","https://openalex.org/W1941500786","https://openalex.org/W1967278327","https://openalex.org/W1989585014","https://openalex.org/W1990871263","https://openalex.org/W1997278604","https://openalex.org/W2007475679","https://openalex.org/W2034960640","https://openalex.org/W2036169751","https://openalex.org/W2038468207","https://openalex.org/W2044268926","https://openalex.org/W2046078150","https://openalex.org/W2049680611","https://openalex.org/W2050721897","https://openalex.org/W2063558421","https://openalex.org/W2069355751","https://openalex.org/W2083038453","https://openalex.org/W2099911908","https://openalex.org/W2111719258","https://openalex.org/W2112378086","https://openalex.org/W2112403610","https://openalex.org/W2120761580","https://openalex.org/W2127626360","https://openalex.org/W2135826843","https://openalex.org/W2136034047","https://openalex.org/W2148354489","https://openalex.org/W2150040599","https://openalex.org/W2159322663","https://openalex.org/W2171947434","https://openalex.org/W2345092400","https://openalex.org/W2346441090","https://openalex.org/W2395728135","https://openalex.org/W2461298183","https://openalex.org/W2491487061","https://openalex.org/W2579555219","https://openalex.org/W2728273086","https://openalex.org/W2776308757","https://openalex.org/W2901806421","https://openalex.org/W4234759545","https://openalex.org/W4249958171","https://openalex.org/W6634567484","https://openalex.org/W6640097594","https://openalex.org/W6679752587","https://openalex.org/W6756510387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3213662772","https://openalex.org/W226911576","https://openalex.org/W2017886667","https://openalex.org/W2046795207","https://openalex.org/W2392835183","https://openalex.org/W2170251977","https://openalex.org/W1528035196","https://openalex.org/W2735423464","https://openalex.org/W2363165856","https://openalex.org/W3131121065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,5,18,27,32,35,83,99,130,149,153,163,172,185,197,200,206,210,224,233,236,239,244,261,281,291,299],"early":[2,112],"stages":[3],"of":[4,17,92,132,165,171,184,226,241,276,283,293,301,309],"systems":[6,94],"engineering":[7],"process,":[8,77],"an":[9,15],"important":[10,80,110,119],"focus":[11],"is":[12,22,79,96,168,267],"to":[13,25,48,81,97,151,159,178,259,268,270,286,306],"create":[14],"understanding":[16],"stakeholder":[19],"needs.":[20],"This":[21,252,264],"primarily":[23],"done":[24],"prepare":[26],"system":[28,85,113,160,218,237],"specification":[29],"that":[30,148],"forms":[31],"basis":[33],"for":[34,62,235],"system\u2019s":[36,201],"design.":[37],"By":[38],"extension,":[39],"example":[40],"steps":[41],"in":[42,190,216,278],"this":[43,76,109,138],"process":[44,285],"include":[45,232],"surveying":[46],"stakeholders":[47],"better":[49],"capture":[50],"their":[51],"intent,":[52],"deriving":[53],"and":[54,57,71,104,175,238,257,274,298],"documenting":[55],"requirements,":[56],"then":[58],"using":[59],"those":[60,248],"requirements":[61,106,134],"subsequent":[63],"activities,":[64],"such":[65],"as":[66,180,182],"developing":[67],"a":[68,93,217,284,294,302],"functional":[69,103],"baseline":[70],"candidate":[72],"design":[73],"alternatives.":[74],"During":[75],"it":[78],"consider":[82],"full":[84],"lifecycle.":[86],"As":[87],"such,":[88],"one":[89,170,183],"major":[90],"objective":[91,266],"engineer":[95],"translate":[98],"stakeholder\u2019s":[100],"needs":[101],"into":[102],"nonfunctional":[105],"(NFRs).":[107],"Despite":[108],"role,":[111],"designs":[114],"are":[115,121,250],"often":[116],"faulty":[117],"because":[118],"NFRs":[120,156,245,277],"poorly":[122],"prioritized":[123,126],"or":[124,209],"not":[125],"at":[127],"all.":[128],"While":[129],"prioritization":[131,167,275,308],"all":[133],"can":[135,157,219,231],"be":[136],"useful,":[137],"work":[139],"focuses":[140],"specifically":[141],"on":[142,196,205],"NFRs.":[143,310],"It":[144],"has":[145],"been":[146],"identified":[147],"inability":[150],"identify":[152],"most":[154,173,187],"useful":[155],"lead":[158],"failure.":[161],"Furthermore,":[162],"lack":[164],"NFR":[166],"considered":[169],"expensive":[174],"difficult":[176],"errors":[177],"correct,":[179],"well":[181],"ten":[186],"significant":[188],"risks":[189],"engineering.":[191],"Systems":[192],"need":[193],"more":[194,221],"emphasis":[195,253],"relationships":[198],"between":[199],"elements,":[202],"rather":[203],"than":[204,222],"individual":[207],"elements":[208,215,249],"whole":[211],"system.":[212],"Relationships":[213],"among":[214],"illustrate":[220],"just":[223],"behavior":[225],"each":[227],"element.":[228],"The":[229],"illustration":[230],"purpose":[234],"implications":[240],"changing":[242],"how":[243],"associated":[246],"with":[247],"prioritized.":[251],"requires":[254],"quantifiable":[255,271],"tools":[256],"rigor":[258],"inform":[260],"decision":[262],"makers.":[263],"research\u2019s":[265],"contribute":[269],"decision-making":[272,304],"methods":[273],"three":[279],"ways:":[280],"development":[282,300],"determine":[287],"unique":[288],"random":[289],"index;":[290],"use":[292],"continuous":[295],"ranking":[296],"scale;":[297],"universal":[303],"heuristic":[305],"accompany":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
