{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982510837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2014.2330850","title":"An Integrated Approach to State Decision-Making in Upstream Hydrocarbon Operations With Application to Lebanon","display_name":"An Integrated Approach to State Decision-Making in Upstream Hydrocarbon Operations With Application to Lebanon","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982510837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2014.2330850","mag":"1982510837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2014.2330850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2014.2330850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090807287","display_name":"Bacel Maddah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-1655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bacel Maddah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Management Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Management Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084872473","display_name":"Mahmoud Al\u2010Hindi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6837-2132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Al-Hindi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063992798","display_name":"Ali Yassine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1933-1526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Yassine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Management Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Management Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074536270","display_name":"Zayd Mohammad. Wahab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zayd Wahab","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","Information Handling Services, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Handling Services, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090807287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12895161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"4","first_page":"755","last_page":"767"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12639","display_name":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.5978729724884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upstream","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","score":0.5777005553245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.5643917918205261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.4879600405693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquefied-natural-gas","display_name":"Liquefied natural gas","score":0.4554029703140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.4543631672859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.4459206461906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.440387487411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petroleum","display_name":"Petroleum","score":0.4270956814289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sovereignty","display_name":"Sovereignty","score":0.421292781829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-economics","display_name":"Natural resource economics","score":0.40263548493385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4025430381298065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-gas","display_name":"Natural gas","score":0.4005274772644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petroleum-engineering","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","score":0.3856423795223236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.33011239767074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31051507592201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.28611278533935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2722663879394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.256397545337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.20677748322486877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10352978110313416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5978729724884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191172861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7899321","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5777005553245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5643917918205261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4879600405693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14034172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358333","display_name":"Liquefied natural gas","level":3,"score":0.4554029703140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4543631672859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4459206461906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.440387487411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548895740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656","display_name":"Petroleum","level":2,"score":0.4270956814289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186229450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42008","display_name":"Sovereignty","level":3,"score":0.421292781829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.40263548493385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4025430381298065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.4005274772644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.3856423795223236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.33011239767074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31051507592201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.28611278533935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2722663879394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.256397545337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.20677748322486877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10352978110313416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2014.2330850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2014.2330850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497179728","https://openalex.org/W1510407520","https://openalex.org/W1520592997","https://openalex.org/W1972567662","https://openalex.org/W1980556240","https://openalex.org/W1986992640","https://openalex.org/W1991838952","https://openalex.org/W1995503011","https://openalex.org/W1995706139","https://openalex.org/W1996208878","https://openalex.org/W2003090067","https://openalex.org/W2007600703","https://openalex.org/W2017420088","https://openalex.org/W2017751727","https://openalex.org/W2021447612","https://openalex.org/W2022915074","https://openalex.org/W2056687199","https://openalex.org/W2059757952","https://openalex.org/W2062902791","https://openalex.org/W2073555342","https://openalex.org/W2087819408","https://openalex.org/W2114518453","https://openalex.org/W2124183708","https://openalex.org/W2155093246","https://openalex.org/W2183305075","https://openalex.org/W2295608729","https://openalex.org/W2317543844","https://openalex.org/W2791283335","https://openalex.org/W2915929001","https://openalex.org/W2918401467","https://openalex.org/W3118406600","https://openalex.org/W4214703815","https://openalex.org/W4231848430","https://openalex.org/W4231998915","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6682995853","https://openalex.org/W6697206407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386120673","https://openalex.org/W3161231360","https://openalex.org/W278488340","https://openalex.org/W2002482193","https://openalex.org/W2158473438","https://openalex.org/W3088531984","https://openalex.org/W2587246105","https://openalex.org/W2184489962","https://openalex.org/W2118511498","https://openalex.org/W2491134117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,60,163],"the":[1,36,48,57,75,89,95,100,103,111,115,125,169,175,180,184,192],"exploration,":[2],"development,":[3],"and":[4,27,38,52,86,99,151,156,188],"production":[5,31],"of":[6,29,50,56,102,122,148,183,191],"hydrocarbons,":[7],"a":[8,30,152],"sovereign":[9],"state":[10,116],"faces":[11],"conflicting":[12],"challenges:":[13],"maximizing":[14],"its":[15],"welfare":[16],"while":[17,117],"maintaining":[18],"an":[19,70,81,119,136],"attractive":[20],"investment":[21],"environment":[22],"for":[23,93,124,139,144,159],"developers.":[24],"The":[25,127],"terms":[26],"conditions":[28],"sharing":[32],"contract":[33],"(PSC)":[34],"between":[35],"government":[37,76,104],"international":[39],"oil":[40],"companies":[41],"(IOC)":[42],"are":[43],"usually":[44],"finalized":[45],"prior":[46],"to":[47,109,114,131,179],"commencement":[49],"operations":[51],"with":[53],"partial":[54],"knowledge":[55],"reserve":[58,84,161],"level.":[59],"addition,":[61,164],"hydrocarbons":[62],"have":[63],"several":[64],"potential":[65,149],"uses.":[66],"This":[67],"paper":[68],"formulates":[69],"optimization":[71],"model":[72,90,128],"that":[73,135,168],"assists":[74],"in":[77],"these":[78],"challenges.":[79],"Given":[80],"initial":[82],"estimated":[83],"volume":[85],"hydrocarbon":[87],"price,":[88],"determines":[91],"values":[92,147],"both":[94],"PSC's":[96],"key":[97],"parameters":[98],"allocation":[101],"share":[105,158],"into":[106],"different":[107],"uses":[108],"generate":[110],"maximum":[112],"benefit":[113],"providing":[118],"acceptable":[120],"rate":[121],"return":[123],"IOC.":[126],"is":[129,173],"applied":[130],"Lebanon.":[132],"We":[133],"find":[134],"optimal":[137],"PSC":[138],"Lebanon":[140],"involves":[141],"no":[142],"royalty":[143],"all":[145],"reasonable":[146],"reserves,":[150],"high":[153,189],"cost":[154,190],"recovery":[155],"profit":[157],"low":[160,181],"volumes.":[162],"sensitivity":[165],"analysis":[166],"indicates":[167],"preferred":[170],"export":[171,197],"mode":[172],"via":[174],"Arab":[176],"pipeline,":[177],"due":[178],"level":[182],"current":[185],"gas":[186,196],"price":[187],"alternative":[193],"liquefied":[194],"natural":[195],"mode.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
