{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102675398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2011.2111421","title":"Why Do Complementors Participate? An Analysis of Partnership Networks in the Enterprise Software Industry","display_name":"Why Do Complementors Participate? An Analysis of Partnership Networks in the Enterprise Software Industry","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102675398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2011.2111421","mag":"2102675398"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2011.2111421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2011.2111421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041482677","display_name":"Thomas Kude","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9891-0517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Kude","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Management and Information Systems Department, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany","Gen. Manage. & Inf. Syst. Dept., Univ. of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Management and Information Systems Department, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gen. Manage. & Inf. Syst. Dept., Univ. of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048877954","display_name":"Jens Dibbern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0980-2395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130692619","display_name":"Bern University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bnkt322","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130692619"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Dibbern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","Dept. of Inf. Syst., Univ. of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I130692619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Inf. Syst., Univ. of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039252960","display_name":"Armin Heinzl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-9596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armin Heinzl","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Management and Information Systems Department, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany","Gen. Manage. & Inf. Syst. Dept., Univ. of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Management and Information Systems Department, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gen. Manage. & Inf. Syst. Dept., Univ. of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9779,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96700819,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"2","first_page":"250","last_page":"265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complementarity","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","score":0.9053062200546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-partnership","display_name":"General partnership","score":0.7617077827453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.6139840483665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6028863191604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.5887351036071777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5675097107887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.4852754771709442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.44295015931129456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complementary-good","display_name":"Complementary good","score":0.4418230652809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.4418216347694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.44034892320632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.18179214000701904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202269582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2644277","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.9053062200546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71750763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646164","display_name":"General partnership","level":2,"score":0.7617077827453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.6139840483665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6028863191604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5887351036071777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5675097107887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4852754771709442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.44295015931129456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125258956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049496","display_name":"Complementary good","level":2,"score":0.4418230652809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4418216347694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.44034892320632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18179214000701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2011.2111421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2011.2111421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ub-madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de:3124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196315","display_name":"MADOC (University of Mannheim)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","host_organization_name":"University of Mannheim","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Arbeitspapier"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.232.9493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.232.9493","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://wifo1.bwl.uni-mannheim.de/fileadmin/files/publications/WP_2_2010.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:MAUB:3124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/madoc/volltexte/2011/3124/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196315","display_name":"MADOC (University of Mannheim)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","host_organization_name":"University of Mannheim","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Working papers / Lehrstuhl f\u00c3\u00bcr ABWL und Wirtschaftsinformatik ; 2010,02","raw_type":"ResearchPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boris.unibe.ch:9751","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/9751/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401747","display_name":"BORIS (University Library Bern)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210103840","host_organization_name":"Nakuru County Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103840"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kude, Thomas; Dibbern, Jens; Heinzl, Armin (2012). Why Do Complementors Participate? An Analysis of Partnership Networks in the Enterprise Software Industry. IEEE transactions on engineering management, 58(2), pp. 250-265. New York, N.Y.: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 10.1109/TEM.2011.2111421 &lt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2011.2111421&gt;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63477783","https://openalex.org/W115394847","https://openalex.org/W135979475","https://openalex.org/W157194073","https://openalex.org/W631214313","https://openalex.org/W1482626164","https://openalex.org/W1524237663","https://openalex.org/W1527311855","https://openalex.org/W1579363409","https://openalex.org/W1593186263","https://openalex.org/W1944810960","https://openalex.org/W1969093678","https://openalex.org/W1975741040","https://openalex.org/W1977263121","https://openalex.org/W1985453879","https://openalex.org/W1992209050","https://openalex.org/W1994016259","https://openalex.org/W1997000882","https://openalex.org/W1997537012","https://openalex.org/W1997945175","https://openalex.org/W1998165863","https://openalex.org/W2006479099","https://openalex.org/W2008444575","https://openalex.org/W2016957235","https://openalex.org/W2021638366","https://openalex.org/W2025001207","https://openalex.org/W2052381726","https://openalex.org/W2052629285","https://openalex.org/W2060827592","https://openalex.org/W2061977616","https://openalex.org/W2068119329","https://openalex.org/W2069928740","https://openalex.org/W2073323720","https://openalex.org/W2074684234","https://openalex.org/W2083335094","https://openalex.org/W2085225290","https://openalex.org/W2095561982","https://openalex.org/W2100611039","https://openalex.org/W2102469678","https://openalex.org/W2103686707","https://openalex.org/W2107881457","https://openalex.org/W2108795964","https://openalex.org/W2111135535","https://openalex.org/W2112390372","https://openalex.org/W2117650967","https://openalex.org/W2119353660","https://openalex.org/W2122679534","https://openalex.org/W2123473732","https://openalex.org/W2123709218","https://openalex.org/W2126280998","https://openalex.org/W2129622850","https://openalex.org/W2135492276","https://openalex.org/W2140956556","https://openalex.org/W2155125686","https://openalex.org/W2156109180","https://openalex.org/W2156898924","https://openalex.org/W2158489851","https://openalex.org/W2160449301","https://openalex.org/W2162394870","https://openalex.org/W2165451342","https://openalex.org/W2169584168","https://openalex.org/W2172078013","https://openalex.org/W2222710803","https://openalex.org/W2332345511","https://openalex.org/W2489433018","https://openalex.org/W2582377764","https://openalex.org/W2606630245","https://openalex.org/W2911640042","https://openalex.org/W3123397884","https://openalex.org/W3124536214","https://openalex.org/W3125160821","https://openalex.org/W3144127399","https://openalex.org/W3150778347","https://openalex.org/W3150872384","https://openalex.org/W4210580544","https://openalex.org/W4230288137","https://openalex.org/W4232028368","https://openalex.org/W4233898173","https://openalex.org/W4236517607","https://openalex.org/W4237957145","https://openalex.org/W4240007070","https://openalex.org/W4250533111","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292492728","https://openalex.org/W6631327592","https://openalex.org/W6631335727","https://openalex.org/W6649705108","https://openalex.org/W6736864658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2521519254","https://openalex.org/W2102271161","https://openalex.org/W2464412681","https://openalex.org/W2288604969","https://openalex.org/W3003279710","https://openalex.org/W3171736759","https://openalex.org/W2551031605","https://openalex.org/W3107487654","https://openalex.org/W2102675398","https://openalex.org/W2065778599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,86],"the":[1,23,38,73,76,80,90,119,136,140,169,177,188,195],"enterprise":[2],"software":[3],"industry,":[4],"large":[5],"providers":[6],"(hubs)":[7],"are":[8,129],"fostering":[9],"partner":[10,150],"networks":[11],"with":[12],"smaller":[13],"companies":[14],"(spokes)":[15],"that":[16,46,55,72,118,160,179],"complement":[17],"their":[18,32],"platforms.":[19],"This":[20,174],"study":[21,101,116,158],"takes":[22],"perspective":[24,53,70],"of":[25,75,95,156,171,197],"these":[26,96,161],"spokes":[27,148],"and":[28,66,92,112,122,143,190],"seeks":[29],"to":[30,34,40,62,88,125,138,149,176],"understand":[31],"motivation":[33],"partner.":[35],"It":[36],"is":[37,102,110,159,181],"first":[39],"simultaneously":[41],"examine":[42,89],"two":[43,97],"theoretical":[44],"perspectives":[45,192],"help":[47],"explain":[48],"partnership":[49],"formation.":[50],"The":[51,68,115,153],"input-oriented":[52],"holds":[54],"organizations":[56,109],"enter":[57],"inter-firm":[58],"arrangements":[59],"in":[60,168,193],"order":[61,87],"access":[63],"external":[64],"resources":[65],"capabilities.":[67],"output-oriented":[69,191],"posits":[71],"complementarity":[74],"partners'":[77],"products":[78],"influences":[79],"benefits":[81],"obtained":[82],"from":[83,106],"a":[84,99,182],"partnership.":[85],"relevancy":[91],"possible":[93],"interaction":[94,185],"perspectives,":[98],"multiple-case":[100],"conducted.":[103],"Qualitative":[104],"data":[105],"17":[107],"spoke":[108],"gathered":[111],"thoroughly":[113],"analyzed.":[114],"confirms":[117],"hub's":[120,141],"reputation":[121],"its":[123,144],"capability":[124],"provide":[126],"integrated":[127],"systems":[128],"generally":[130],"important":[131],"reasons":[132],"for":[133],"partnering.":[134],"However,":[135],"extent":[137],"which":[139],"innovativeness":[142],"commercial":[145],"capital":[146],"motivate":[147],"varies":[151],"substantially.":[152],"key":[154],"finding":[155],"this":[157],"variations":[162],"can":[163],"be":[164],"explained":[165],"by":[166],"differences":[167],"level":[170],"product":[172],"complementarity.":[173],"leads":[175],"conclusion":[178],"there":[180],"widely":[183],"neglected":[184],"effect":[186],"between":[187],"input-":[189],"explaining":[194],"formation":[196],"hub-and-spoke":[198],"partnerships.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
