{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110932058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2008.2009889","title":"The Unequal Benefits of Academic Patenting for Science and Engineering Research","display_name":"The Unequal Benefits of Academic Patenting for Science and Engineering Research","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110932058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2008.2009889","mag":"2110932058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2008.2009889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2008.2009889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074544995","display_name":"Mario Calderini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-2352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Calderini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production Systems and Management (DISPEA), Politecnico di Torino, Torin, Italy","Dept. of Production Syst. & Manage., Politec. di Torino, Torin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production Systems and Management (DISPEA), Politecnico di Torino, Torin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Production Syst. & Manage., Politec. di Torino, Torin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079032466","display_name":"Chiara Franzoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-0074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Franzoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production Systems and Management (DISPEA), Politecnico di Torino, Torin, Italy","Dept. of Production Syst. & Manage., Politec. di Torino, Torin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production Systems and Management (DISPEA), Politecnico di Torino, Torin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Production Syst. & Manage., Politec. di Torino, Torin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062786241","display_name":"Andrea Vezzulli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2360-5112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71209653","display_name":"Bocconi University","ror":"https://ror.org/05crjpb27","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71209653"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Vezzulli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Knowledge, Internationalization and Technology Studies (KITES), Bocconi University, Milan, Italy","University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","Knowledge, Internationalization & Technol. Studies, Bocconi Univ., Milan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Knowledge, Internationalization and Technology Studies (KITES), Bocconi University, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71209653"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Knowledge, Internationalization & Technol. Studies, Bocconi Univ., Milan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71209653"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.8874,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98391878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"1","first_page":"16","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"Intellectual property","score":0.7486266493797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.7418157458305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.6142231822013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-and-engineering","display_name":"Science and engineering","score":0.5698650479316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3332751393318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.31264907121658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.31173741817474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21600136160850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.15173545479774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.08685696125030518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.7486266493797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.7418157458305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.6142231822013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993955422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Science and engineering","level":2,"score":0.5698650479316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3332751393318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.31264907121658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.31173741817474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21600136160850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15173545479774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.08685696125030518}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tem.2008.2009889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2008.2009889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irinsubria.uninsubria.it:11383/2059632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11383/2059632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196351","display_name":"IrInSubria (University of Insubria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I115752224","host_organization_name":"University of Insubria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254038","https://openalex.org/W198617740","https://openalex.org/W1502925692","https://openalex.org/W1533253850","https://openalex.org/W1540815740","https://openalex.org/W1551036732","https://openalex.org/W1575120333","https://openalex.org/W1963805911","https://openalex.org/W1964352282","https://openalex.org/W1969116946","https://openalex.org/W1972661585","https://openalex.org/W1974492499","https://openalex.org/W1987235421","https://openalex.org/W1996382919","https://openalex.org/W2009187570","https://openalex.org/W2014049116","https://openalex.org/W2015401820","https://openalex.org/W2015717137","https://openalex.org/W2016569561","https://openalex.org/W2019044526","https://openalex.org/W2026119611","https://openalex.org/W2032400608","https://openalex.org/W2033138992","https://openalex.org/W2044204909","https://openalex.org/W2048831473","https://openalex.org/W2057241733","https://openalex.org/W2059789020","https://openalex.org/W2060937003","https://openalex.org/W2080548714","https://openalex.org/W2085491458","https://openalex.org/W2086269739","https://openalex.org/W2087765149","https://openalex.org/W2087865644","https://openalex.org/W2095053683","https://openalex.org/W2097183219","https://openalex.org/W2097426514","https://openalex.org/W2108183214","https://openalex.org/W2108238076","https://openalex.org/W2109476496","https://openalex.org/W2115723149","https://openalex.org/W2124758339","https://openalex.org/W2125922307","https://openalex.org/W2139122730","https://openalex.org/W2145962555","https://openalex.org/W2145966752","https://openalex.org/W2146446460","https://openalex.org/W2150291618","https://openalex.org/W2156875054","https://openalex.org/W2164417149","https://openalex.org/W2164755645","https://openalex.org/W2247362964","https://openalex.org/W2325124506","https://openalex.org/W2330596682","https://openalex.org/W2463095032","https://openalex.org/W2570763934","https://openalex.org/W2891803722","https://openalex.org/W2992651003","https://openalex.org/W3021524989","https://openalex.org/W3123534837","https://openalex.org/W3124127843","https://openalex.org/W3124590300","https://openalex.org/W3125090905","https://openalex.org/W3125236182","https://openalex.org/W3125601827","https://openalex.org/W3146960623","https://openalex.org/W4230348989","https://openalex.org/W4238243588","https://openalex.org/W4246441475","https://openalex.org/W6634606192","https://openalex.org/W6719649792"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2493929861","https://openalex.org/W2016567611","https://openalex.org/W2475541339","https://openalex.org/W565335793","https://openalex.org/W2363071176","https://openalex.org/W2107199751","https://openalex.org/W4243812570","https://openalex.org/W4300441478","https://openalex.org/W2062965938","https://openalex.org/W2382929921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<para":[0],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[2],"The":[3,68],"increase":[4,42],"of":[5,11,14,76,88,93,126,160],"university":[6],"patents":[7],"has":[8,23],"raised":[9],"issues":[10],"potential":[12],"conflicts":[13],"interest":[15],"in":[16,43,72,83,158],"Faculty":[17],"activities.":[18],"Nonetheless,":[19],"recent":[20],"empirical":[21],"evidence":[22,51],"indicated":[24],"that":[25,35,54,97,111,155],"very":[26],"productive":[27],"scientists":[28,78],"contribute":[29],"disproportionally":[30],"to":[31,39,49,61,80,135,143,169],"academic":[32,156],"patenting":[33],"and":[34,90,106,123,167],"inventing":[36],"is":[37,121,132],"likely":[38,60,134],"encourage":[40],"an":[41],"scientific":[44],"productivity.":[45],"This":[46],"article":[47],"adds":[48],"this":[50],"by":[52,65,149],"showing":[53],"such":[55],"beneficial":[56],"effects":[57],"are":[58,98,113,128],"not":[59],"be":[62,136,165],"earned":[63],"equally":[64],"every":[66],"scientist.":[67],"analysis":[69],"was":[70],"run":[71],"a":[73],"large":[74],"sample":[75],"Italian":[77],"contributing":[79],"materials":[81],"sciences":[82],"either":[84],"chemistry":[85],"or":[86],"engineering":[87],"materials,":[89],"makes":[91],"use":[92],"several":[94],"econometric":[95],"techniques":[96],"suitable":[99],"for":[100],"treating":[101],"unobserved":[102],"heterogeneity,":[103],"excess":[104],"zeros,":[105],"incidental":[107],"truncation.":[108],"Results":[109],"indicate":[110],"benefits":[112],"higher":[114],"when":[115,124],"the":[116,137,152],"feedback":[117],"from":[118],"applied":[119],"research":[120],"richer,":[122],"regimes":[125],"secrecy":[127],"less":[129],"harsh,":[130],"which":[131],"more":[133],"case":[138],"with":[139],"engineering,":[140],"as":[141],"opposed":[142],"hard":[144],"science":[145],"research.":[146],"If":[147],"confirmed":[148],"further":[150],"evidence,":[151],"findings":[153],"suggest":[154],"policies":[157],"matters":[159],"intellectual":[161],"property":[162],"rights":[163],"should":[164],"refined":[166],"tailored":[168],"field":[170],"specificities.":[171],"</para>":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}