{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171002313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.1960.5219826","title":"A Pulse Position Modulation Analog Computer","display_name":"A Pulse Position Modulation Analog Computer","publication_year":1960,"publication_date":"1960-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171002313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.1960.5219826","mag":"2171002313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tec.1960.5219826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.1960.5219826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60436882","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers","issn_l":"0367-7508","issn":["0367-7508"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024734528","display_name":"E. Bohn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. V. Bohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024734528"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5085,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86427898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"EC-9","issue":"2","first_page":"256","last_page":"261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13983","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Information Systems","score":0.9132000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13983","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Information Systems","score":0.9132000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9108999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-computer","display_name":"Analog computer","score":0.8562822937965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.6369337439537048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6199036836624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-device","display_name":"Analog device","score":0.5760911703109741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtraction","display_name":"Subtraction","score":0.5725640654563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal","display_name":"Analog signal","score":0.5374356508255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5150973200798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.48454728722572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.438532292842865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.41819679737091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4063447117805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.2678760886192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.26096126437187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2304747998714447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.16881415247917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15309849381446838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12403061985969543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90915687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63759","display_name":"Analog computer","level":2,"score":0.8562822937965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.6369337439537048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6199036836624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90711627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3742408","display_name":"Analog device","level":4,"score":0.5760911703109741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68060419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40754","display_name":"Subtraction","level":2,"score":0.5725640654563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.5374356508255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5150973200798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.48454728722572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.438532292842865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41819679737091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4063447117805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.2678760886192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.26096126437187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2304747998714447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.16881415247917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15309849381446838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12403061985969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tec.1960.5219826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.1960.5219826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60436882","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers","issn_l":"0367-7508","issn":["0367-7508"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331146","display_name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012414546","https://openalex.org/W2028061634","https://openalex.org/W2056779126","https://openalex.org/W2105546743","https://openalex.org/W2158995392","https://openalex.org/W2588157079"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967483942","https://openalex.org/W1987033534","https://openalex.org/W4383340353","https://openalex.org/W2054763705","https://openalex.org/W4234945196","https://openalex.org/W2109909498","https://openalex.org/W1984440678","https://openalex.org/W3022717438","https://openalex.org/W2569822091","https://openalex.org/W2331230179"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"important":[1],"field":[2],"of":[3,16,24,30,37,51,60,84],"application":[4],"for":[5,41],"computers":[6,56],"is":[7,44,77],"in":[8,57],"real-time":[9],"systems":[10,29,42],"simulation.":[11],"This":[12],"requires":[13],"the":[14,20,48,52,66,82],"generation":[15,90],"non-linear":[17],"functions,":[18],"obtaining":[19],"sums":[21],"and":[22,27,54,88],"products":[23],"these":[25],"functions":[26],"solving":[28],"nonlinear":[31],"differential":[32],"equations.":[33],"A":[34],"new":[35],"type":[36],"analog":[38,55],"computer":[39],"suitable":[40],"simulation":[43],"described":[45],"which":[46],"combines":[47],"desirable":[49],"features":[50],"digital":[53],"its":[58],"mode":[59],"operation.":[61],"Variables":[62],"are":[63],"represented":[64],"by":[65],"time":[67],"interval":[68],"between":[69],"pulses.":[70],"Utilizing":[71],"a":[72],"few":[73],"basic":[74],"components,":[75],"it":[76],"possible":[78],"to":[79,91],"carry":[80],"out":[81],"operations":[83],"addition,":[85],"subtraction,":[86],"multiplication":[87],"function":[89],"0.1":[92],"per":[93],"cent":[94],"accuracy.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}