{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392309127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2024.3359534","title":"Engineering Identity and Smartness Identity as They Relate to Women\u2019s Participation in Engineering","display_name":"Engineering Identity and Smartness Identity as They Relate to Women\u2019s Participation in Engineering","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392309127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2024.3359534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/te.2024.3359534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2024.3359534","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/13/4358717/10453596.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207741693","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","issn_l":"0018-9359","issn":["0018-9359","1557-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322189","host_organization_name":"IEEE Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322189","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Education Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/13/4358717/10453596.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089166004","display_name":"Cassie Wallwey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1318-1843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cassie Wallwey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Education, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1318-1843","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Education, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057265816","display_name":"Emily Dringenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-7047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Dringenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-7047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045812485","display_name":"Bailey Braaten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6058-3226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bailey Braaten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6058-3226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104240004","display_name":"Yiqing Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051799723","display_name":"Rachel Kajfez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-1921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Kajfez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-1921","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089166004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9948,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87345204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"2","first_page":"306","last_page":"316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12124","display_name":"Engineering Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13280","display_name":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.7570793032646179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4049205482006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3827993869781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3744645118713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3691340684890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.13145670294761658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.1125698983669281}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.7570793032646179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4049205482006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3827993869781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3744645118713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3691340684890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.13145670294761658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1125698983669281}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/te.2024.3359534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2024.3359534","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/13/4358717/10453596.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207741693","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","issn_l":"0018-9359","issn":["0018-9359","1557-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322189","host_organization_name":"IEEE Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322189","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Education Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/te.2024.3359534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2024.3359534","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/13/4358717/10453596.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207741693","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","issn_l":"0018-9359","issn":["0018-9359","1557-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322189","host_organization_name":"IEEE Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322189","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Education Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G729407653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1920421","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309374","display_name":"Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392309127.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392309127.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W377384883","https://openalex.org/W1525525244","https://openalex.org/W1571603962","https://openalex.org/W1857367885","https://openalex.org/W1930330880","https://openalex.org/W1972984962","https://openalex.org/W1974384173","https://openalex.org/W2000226420","https://openalex.org/W2000548691","https://openalex.org/W2030874059","https://openalex.org/W2049000343","https://openalex.org/W2049015059","https://openalex.org/W2054487262","https://openalex.org/W2058271572","https://openalex.org/W2066216368","https://openalex.org/W2083566771","https://openalex.org/W2114887970","https://openalex.org/W2136128505","https://openalex.org/W2155363565","https://openalex.org/W2162358789","https://openalex.org/W2166598653","https://openalex.org/W2312930768","https://openalex.org/W2325181074","https://openalex.org/W2342731957","https://openalex.org/W2474148599","https://openalex.org/W2482105266","https://openalex.org/W2556578745","https://openalex.org/W2586769997","https://openalex.org/W2595843310","https://openalex.org/W2603766016","https://openalex.org/W2639196798","https://openalex.org/W2774250918","https://openalex.org/W2796459796","https://openalex.org/W2806076667","https://openalex.org/W2810803504","https://openalex.org/W2927319664","https://openalex.org/W2973622235","https://openalex.org/W3093374121","https://openalex.org/W3210030168","https://openalex.org/W4223491753","https://openalex.org/W4231499690","https://openalex.org/W4237970926","https://openalex.org/W4249852640","https://openalex.org/W4300107936","https://openalex.org/W4385672354","https://openalex.org/W6702552018","https://openalex.org/W6761446183","https://openalex.org/W6764512455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<italic":[0,71,122,153,216],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1,72,123,154,217],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Contribution:</i>":[2],"This":[3],"study":[4],"examined":[5],"the":[6,9,29,98,142,201,222,229],"role":[7],"of":[8,14,31,66,101,144,162],"engineering":[10,25,38,54,79,95,103,117,128,139,148,186,203,238],"and":[11,39,69,80,104,114,130,150,177,188,205,239,258],"smartness":[12,105,131,189,206,224,240],"identities":[13,106,241,257],"three":[15,163,166],"women":[16,32],"as":[17,56,87,107,244],"they":[18,44,108,245],"made":[19],"decisions":[20,136,211],"about":[21,137],"their":[22,209,214,237],"participation":[23],"in":[24,33,36,116,141,228,247],"majors.":[26,96,215],"In":[27],"addressing":[28],"under-representation":[30],"engineering,":[34,146,235],"particularly":[35],"electrical":[37],"computer":[40],"science":[41],"fields":[42],"where":[43],"have":[45],"been":[46,59],"extremely":[47],"under-represented,":[48],"it":[49,57],"is":[50,75,89,118],"important":[51,64],"to":[52,61,78,91,110,134,199,208,213,232],"consider":[53],"identity":[55,129,132,190,204,207,225],"has":[58,83],"shown":[60,84],"be":[62],"an":[63],"component":[65],"major":[67],"selection":[68],"persistence.":[70],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Background:</i>":[73],"Smartness":[74],"inextricably":[76],"linked":[77],"prior":[81],"work":[82],"that":[85],"identifying":[86],"smart":[88],"salient":[90,227],"students":[92],"who":[93],"choose":[94],"However,":[97],"relative":[99],"roles":[100],"students\u2019":[102],"relate":[109,133],"academic":[111,184,210],"decision":[112,231,259],"making":[113],"persistence":[115],"not":[119],"well":[120],"understood.":[121],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Research":[124],"Question:</i>":[125],"How":[126],"do":[127],"women\u2019s":[135,202],"choosing":[138],"majors":[140],"instances":[143],"joining":[145],"changing":[147],"major,":[149],"leaving":[151],"engineering?":[152],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Methodology:</i>":[155],"Data":[156,169,195],"were":[157,191],"collected":[158],"from":[159],"a":[160],"series":[161],"interviews":[164],"with":[165],"different":[167],"women.":[168],"condensation":[170],"techniques,":[171],"including":[172],"writing":[173],"participant":[174],"summary":[175],"memos":[176],"analytic":[178],"memos,":[179],"focused":[180],"on":[181],"detailing":[182],"participants\u2019":[183,223],"decisions,":[185],"identity,":[187],"used":[192,198],"for":[193],"analysis.":[194],"visualization":[196],"was":[197,226],"map":[200],"related":[212],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Findings:</i>":[218],"The":[219],"findings":[220],"indicate":[221],"initial":[230],"matriculate":[233],"into":[234],"both":[236],"remained":[242],"stable":[243],"persisted":[246],"or":[248],"left":[249],"engineering.":[250],"And":[251],"reveal":[252],"complex":[253],"interactions":[254],"between":[255],"these":[256],"making.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
