{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383960560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2023.3281767","title":"Using 3-D Printed Badges to Improve Student Performance and Reduce Dropout Rates in STEM Higher Education","display_name":"Using 3-D Printed Badges to Improve Student Performance and Reduce Dropout Rates in STEM Higher Education","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383960560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2023.3281767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/te.2023.3281767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2023.3281767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207741693","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","issn_l":"0018-9359","issn":["0018-9359","1557-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322189","host_organization_name":"IEEE Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322189","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Education Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048392884","display_name":"Ra\u00fal Lara-Cabrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7959-1936"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ra\u00fal Lara-Cabrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dpto. Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7959-1936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044589432","display_name":"Fernando Ortega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4765-1479"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Ortega","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dpto. Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4765-1479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085414339","display_name":"Edgar Talavera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-922X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edgar Talavera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dpto. Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-922X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035710211","display_name":"Daniel L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1265-010X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dpto. Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1265-010X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93160434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"6","first_page":"612","last_page":"621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","score":0.8242232799530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4532325565814972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4307304620742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34349292516708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2984839975833893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1270681917667389}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.8242232799530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4532325565814972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4307304620742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34349292516708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2984839975833893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1270681917667389}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/te.2023.3281767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2023.3281767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207741693","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","issn_l":"0018-9359","issn":["0018-9359","1557-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322189","host_organization_name":"IEEE Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322189","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Education Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8261795575","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IE1920.6106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322138","funder_display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322138","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153693754","https://openalex.org/W1182574103","https://openalex.org/W1561898311","https://openalex.org/W1576708673","https://openalex.org/W1975527425","https://openalex.org/W2135080565","https://openalex.org/W2187022131","https://openalex.org/W2187631288","https://openalex.org/W2472979412","https://openalex.org/W2558606226","https://openalex.org/W2759877309","https://openalex.org/W2769165472","https://openalex.org/W2770735300","https://openalex.org/W2772500033","https://openalex.org/W2793383315","https://openalex.org/W2794838930","https://openalex.org/W2891621744","https://openalex.org/W2899374295","https://openalex.org/W2913688358","https://openalex.org/W2918613143","https://openalex.org/W2922417596","https://openalex.org/W2967840956","https://openalex.org/W3002230657","https://openalex.org/W3017029353","https://openalex.org/W3089129914","https://openalex.org/W3095046595","https://openalex.org/W3111091963","https://openalex.org/W3119317690","https://openalex.org/W3126959449","https://openalex.org/W3130431100","https://openalex.org/W3138923254","https://openalex.org/W3162034259","https://openalex.org/W3164652774","https://openalex.org/W3185883792","https://openalex.org/W3196600947","https://openalex.org/W3202971681","https://openalex.org/W4200464188","https://openalex.org/W4206951702","https://openalex.org/W6633489938","https://openalex.org/W6686886873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3082178636","https://openalex.org/W2782041652","https://openalex.org/W2612657834","https://openalex.org/W2392157706","https://openalex.org/W2599192953","https://openalex.org/W1987310671","https://openalex.org/W2952088488"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Students\u2019":[0],"perception":[1],"of":[2,22,56,84,96,113,116],"excessive":[3],"difficulty":[4],"in":[5,80],"STEM":[6],"degrees":[7,87],"lowers":[8],"their":[9,14],"motivation":[10],"and,":[11],"therefore,":[12],"affects":[13],"performance.":[15],"According":[16],"to":[17,43],"prior":[18],"research,":[19],"the":[20,54,94,111],"use":[21,55,112],"gamification":[23,48],"techniques":[24],"promote":[25],"engagement,":[26],"motivation,":[27],"and":[28,60,65,101],"fun":[29],"when":[30],"learning.":[31],"Badges,":[32],"which":[33],"are":[34,45],"a":[35,41,46,73,81],"distinction":[36],"that":[37,53,71,93],"is":[38],"given":[39],"as":[40],"reward":[42],"students,":[44],"well-known":[47],"tool.":[49],"This":[50],"contribution":[51],"hypothesizes":[52],"badges,":[57],"both":[58],"physical":[59],"virtual,":[61],"improves":[62,98],"student":[63,99],"performance":[64,100],"reduces":[66,102],"dropout":[67,103],"rates.":[68,104],"To":[69],"verify":[70],"hypothesis,":[72],"case":[74],"study":[75],"involving":[76],"99":[77],"students":[78],"enrolled":[79],"Databases":[82],"course":[83],"computer":[85],"engineering":[86],"was":[88],"conducted.":[89],"The":[90],"results":[91],"show":[92],"usage":[95],"badges":[97],"However,":[105],"negligible":[106],"differences":[107],"were":[108],"found":[109],"between":[110],"different":[114],"kind":[115],"badges.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}