{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381748176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2023.3280444","title":"Active and Project-Based Learning Implementation in a Constructively Aligned Digital Systems Design Course","display_name":"Active and Project-Based Learning Implementation in a Constructively Aligned Digital Systems Design Course","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381748176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2023.3280444"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/te.2023.3280444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2023.3280444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207741693","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","issn_l":"0018-9359","issn":["0018-9359","1557-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322189","host_organization_name":"IEEE Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322189","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Education Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101639245","display_name":"Ismahani Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7630-6706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismahani Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7630-6706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045732731","display_name":"Muhammad Mun\u2019im Ahmad Zabidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4180-254X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Mun\u2019im Ahmad Zabidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4180-254X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064464308","display_name":"Norlina Paraman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-7432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norlina Paraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-7432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050684354","display_name":"Khairiyah Mohd\u2010Yusof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4333-3396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khairiyah Mohd-Yusof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Engineering Education, University of Technology Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4333-3396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Engineering Education, University of Technology Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028303479","display_name":"Nor Farahwahidah Abdul Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4376-9691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nor Farahwahida Abdul Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Engineering Education, University of Technology Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4376-9691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Engineering Education, University of Technology Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7507,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74472423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"6","first_page":"602","last_page":"611"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11283","display_name":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11283","display_name":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13827","display_name":"Mechatronics Education and Applications","score":0.9671000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11526","display_name":"Innovative Teaching Methods","score":0.9142000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7110475897789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6228736639022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/course","display_name":"Course (navigation)","score":0.580761194229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-learning","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","score":0.5778736472129822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.5408201217651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blended-learning","display_name":"Blended learning","score":0.4724861979484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4647374153137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-based-learning","display_name":"Project-based learning","score":0.459812730550766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instructional-design","display_name":"Instructional design","score":0.44319090247154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/course-evaluation","display_name":"Course evaluation","score":0.439864844083786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructive","display_name":"Constructive","score":0.4311741292476654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.41278210282325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.41011083126068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.36587899923324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3565000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.34627485275268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2466917634010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.20492103695869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18023613095283508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.13774755597114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.12271597981452942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7110475897789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6228736639022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777552389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962728","display_name":"Course (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.580761194229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5778736472129822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5408201217651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158592959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869010","display_name":"Blended learning","level":3,"score":0.4724861979484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4647374153137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779825147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753447","display_name":"Project-based learning","level":2,"score":0.459812730550766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159456220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667334","display_name":"Instructional design","level":2,"score":0.44319090247154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780067481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813450","display_name":"Course evaluation","level":3,"score":0.439864844083786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778701210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130034","display_name":"Constructive","level":3,"score":0.4311741292476654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.41278210282325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.41011083126068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.36587899923324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3565000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.34627485275268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2466917634010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.20492103695869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18023613095283508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13774755597114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.12271597981452942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/te.2023.3280444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2023.3280444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207741693","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","issn_l":"0018-9359","issn":["0018-9359","1557-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322189","host_organization_name":"IEEE Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322189","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Education Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W186840447","https://openalex.org/W1511479147","https://openalex.org/W1580934452","https://openalex.org/W1599413048","https://openalex.org/W1967747674","https://openalex.org/W1969224330","https://openalex.org/W2020839434","https://openalex.org/W2098139604","https://openalex.org/W2131587686","https://openalex.org/W2134512579","https://openalex.org/W2142033931","https://openalex.org/W2149634175","https://openalex.org/W2294146447","https://openalex.org/W2408946940","https://openalex.org/W2519706763","https://openalex.org/W2745001852","https://openalex.org/W2760653286","https://openalex.org/W2893808866","https://openalex.org/W2922309301","https://openalex.org/W2997812204","https://openalex.org/W3127428688","https://openalex.org/W3129086598","https://openalex.org/W3134015367","https://openalex.org/W4285034988","https://openalex.org/W6635810748","https://openalex.org/W6638164856","https://openalex.org/W6713873854"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2253008778","https://openalex.org/W1821769140","https://openalex.org/W2581986675","https://openalex.org/W2266588008","https://openalex.org/W3082452733","https://openalex.org/W2255749340","https://openalex.org/W2891384032","https://openalex.org/W2019871778","https://openalex.org/W2974071622","https://openalex.org/W1559370791"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contribution:":[0],"This":[1],"article":[2],"describes":[3],"efforts":[4],"to":[5,64,100,188],"improve":[6],"the":[7,13,24,55,59,86,117,130,140,160,168,173,181,184,189,194,205,211],"teaching":[8,213],"and":[9,26,81,96,137,144,157,203],"learning":[10,20,60,84,103,123,161,196],"process":[11],"for":[12],"digital":[14,39,66,177],"system":[15,178],"design":[16,41],"course":[17,42,56,74,118,165,169,195],"using":[18,121],"active":[19],"(AL)":[21],"approaches":[22],"in":[23,127,139,163],"classroom":[25],"a":[27,147],"parallel":[28,128],"hands-on":[29,114],"project":[30,141],"designed":[31,75],"based":[32,76,199],"on":[33,77,159,193,200],"constructive":[34],"alignment":[35],"(CA).":[36],"Background:":[37],"The":[38,73,113,133],"systems":[40],"is":[43],"an":[44],"important":[45],"part":[46],"of":[47,85,104,116,135,150,154,176,183],"Undergraduate":[48],"Electrical":[49],"Engineering":[50],"curriculum.":[51],"Some":[52],"students":[53],"find":[54],"difficult":[57],"because":[58],"outcomes":[61,197],"require":[62],"them":[63],"create":[65],"circuitry":[67],"that":[68,124,167,207],"executes":[69],"algorithms.":[70],"Intended":[71],"Outcome:":[72],"CA":[78],"can":[79],"support":[80],"enhance":[82],"students\u2019":[83,102,155,174],"subject":[87],"matter.":[88],"Application":[89],"Design:":[90],"Systematic":[91],"AL":[92,185,209],"aided":[93],"by":[94],"Padlet":[95],"E-learning":[97],"were":[98,119],"used":[99,208],"make":[101],"concepts":[105],"visible":[106],"during":[107],"class":[108,186],"time,":[109],"allowing":[110],"timely":[111],"feedback.":[112],"aspects":[115],"implemented":[120],"project-based":[122],"was":[125,142],"guided":[126],"with":[129],"in-class":[131],"content.":[132],"use":[134],"software":[136],"hardware":[138],"emphasized":[143],"monitored":[145],"through":[146],"continuous":[148],"series":[149],"milestones.":[151],"Findings:":[152],"Analysis":[153],"results":[156],"reflections":[158],"experience":[162],"this":[164],"shows":[166],"has":[170],"effectively":[171],"developed":[172],"understanding":[175],"concepts.":[179],"Comparing":[180],"performance":[182],"cohort":[187,206],"traditional":[190,212],"lectures":[191],"approach":[192],"attainment":[198],"written":[201],"examination":[202],"assignments,":[204],"outperformed":[210],"cohort.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
