{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376607371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2023.3273177","title":"Engineering Students\u2019 Perception of Learner Agency Development in an Intercultural PBL (Problem- and Project-Based) Team Setting","display_name":"Engineering Students\u2019 Perception of Learner Agency Development in an Intercultural PBL (Problem- and Project-Based) Team Setting","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376607371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2023.3273177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/te.2023.3273177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2023.3273177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207741693","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","issn_l":"0018-9359","issn":["0018-9359","1557-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322189","host_organization_name":"IEEE Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322189","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Education Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032150794","display_name":"Dan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-0731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg Center for Problem Based Learning in Engineering Science and Sustainability under the Auspices of UNESCO, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-0731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg Center for Problem Based Learning in Engineering Science and Sustainability under the Auspices of UNESCO, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110136046","display_name":"Bettina Dahl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bettina Dahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg Center for Problem Based Learning in Engineering Science and Sustainability under the Auspices of UNESCO, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1340-3939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg Center for Problem Based Learning in Engineering Science and Sustainability under the Auspices of UNESCO, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048445249","display_name":"Juebei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1056-2157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juebei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg Center for Problem Based Learning in Engineering Science and Sustainability under the Auspices of UNESCO, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1056-2157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg Center for Problem Based Learning in Engineering Science and Sustainability under the Auspices of UNESCO, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009088743","display_name":"Xiangyun Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-6795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyun Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg Center for Problem Based Learning in Engineering Science and Sustainability under the Auspices of UNESCO, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-6795","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg Center for Problem Based Learning in Engineering Science and Sustainability under the Auspices of UNESCO, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032150794"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4932,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90272953,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"6","first_page":"591","last_page":"601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12124","display_name":"Engineering Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12124","display_name":"Engineering Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13844","display_name":"Higher Education Learning Practices","score":0.9700999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6685978174209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-based-learning","display_name":"Problem-based learning","score":0.6516716480255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.6233311891555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-education","display_name":"Engineering education","score":0.55855792760849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.487153023481369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-based-learning","display_name":"Project-based learning","score":0.4856475591659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.42916885018348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41717734932899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3787611126899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3728967308998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.3635767102241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3554154336452484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.34049588441848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.22079330682754517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6685978174209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060990","display_name":"Problem-based learning","level":2,"score":0.6516716480255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6233311891555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5041995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853745","display_name":"Engineering education","level":2,"score":0.55855792760849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.487153023481369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779825147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753447","display_name":"Project-based learning","level":2,"score":0.4856475591659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.42916885018348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41717734932899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3787611126899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3728967308998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3635767102241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3554154336452484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34049588441848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.22079330682754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/te.2023.3273177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2023.3273177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207741693","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","issn_l":"0018-9359","issn":["0018-9359","1557-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322189","host_organization_name":"IEEE Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322189","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Education Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/d391bbd3-2976-4b7b-9ffb-9d8799d44ede","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/d391bbd3-2976-4b7b-9ffb-9d8799d44ede","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Jiang , D , Dahl , B , Chen , J &amp; Du , X 2023 , ' Engineering Students' Perception of Learner Agency Development in an Intercultural PBL (Problem- and Project-based) Team Setting ' , I E E E Transactions on Education , vol. 66 , no. 6 , 10124721 , pp. 591-601 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2023.3273177","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68043845","https://openalex.org/W565380721","https://openalex.org/W924336685","https://openalex.org/W1481769595","https://openalex.org/W1832165417","https://openalex.org/W1961622147","https://openalex.org/W1968945403","https://openalex.org/W2006882516","https://openalex.org/W2036045744","https://openalex.org/W2036251515","https://openalex.org/W2039173306","https://openalex.org/W2047557197","https://openalex.org/W2053413473","https://openalex.org/W2056226145","https://openalex.org/W2064754950","https://openalex.org/W2067457309","https://openalex.org/W2077765118","https://openalex.org/W2101338329","https://openalex.org/W2108474849","https://openalex.org/W2131180927","https://openalex.org/W2132738192","https://openalex.org/W2141990041","https://openalex.org/W2145626372","https://openalex.org/W2152854694","https://openalex.org/W2156023213","https://openalex.org/W2170899200","https://openalex.org/W2187836581","https://openalex.org/W2194629743","https://openalex.org/W2295594869","https://openalex.org/W2467927525","https://openalex.org/W2484334355","https://openalex.org/W2558233404","https://openalex.org/W2573577477","https://openalex.org/W2575577022","https://openalex.org/W2587784044","https://openalex.org/W2593100137","https://openalex.org/W2623703952","https://openalex.org/W2801694721","https://openalex.org/W2909923927","https://openalex.org/W2937116702","https://openalex.org/W2945353378","https://openalex.org/W2947139837","https://openalex.org/W2968893733","https://openalex.org/W3005814267","https://openalex.org/W3015981600","https://openalex.org/W3024452049","https://openalex.org/W3027982311","https://openalex.org/W3045832308","https://openalex.org/W3152092287","https://openalex.org/W3164641598","https://openalex.org/W3166836754","https://openalex.org/W3195412350","https://openalex.org/W3198856848","https://openalex.org/W3206731366","https://openalex.org/W4240402692","https://openalex.org/W4294716485","https://openalex.org/W4307993273","https://openalex.org/W6602511569","https://openalex.org/W6631425608","https://openalex.org/W6686822505","https://openalex.org/W6691927969","https://openalex.org/W6731780879","https://openalex.org/W6740137342","https://openalex.org/W6777372623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1819157961","https://openalex.org/W4387504772","https://openalex.org/W2730086166","https://openalex.org/W3152499621","https://openalex.org/W2912723998","https://openalex.org/W2913067001","https://openalex.org/W2911471174","https://openalex.org/W2272383270","https://openalex.org/W2626269255","https://openalex.org/W2584714374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contribution:":[0],"This":[1,100],"study":[2,101],"explores":[3],"the":[4,17,53,104,108,211,245,253,257],"elements":[5,120],"engineering":[6,122,171,254,287],"students":[7,123,255],"perceive":[8],"as":[9,256],"important":[10,125],"for":[11,39,126],"developing":[12],"their":[13,128,277],"learner":[14,29,56,84,111,129,140,274],"agency":[15,30,85,112,130,141,289],"in":[16,60,81,91,97,113,132,231],"context":[18],"of":[19,28,55,110,213,268,272,279],"intercultural":[20,79,98,114,134],"project-based":[21],"learning":[22,70],"(PBL)":[23],"teams.":[24,82,116],"Background:":[25],"The":[26,173,195,240],"concept":[27],"has":[31,86],"recently":[32],"gained":[33],"prominence":[34],"due":[35],"to":[36,50,103,187,285],"its":[37],"relevance":[38],"student-centeredness,":[40],"autonomy,":[41],"self-regulation,":[42],"and":[43,68,94,151,165,184,193,197,210,224,236,247,270],"collaboration.":[44],"Certain":[45],"pedagogical":[46],"approaches":[47],"are":[48,63],"known":[49],"specifically":[51],"support":[52],"development":[54,109,131],"agency,":[57],"including":[58,264],"PBL,":[59,282],"which":[61],"learners":[62],"provided":[64],"with":[65,160,281],"active,":[66],"self-directed,":[67],"collaborative":[69],"tasks.":[71],"PBL":[72,92,115,135,273],"practice":[73],"is":[74,142],"also":[75],"increasingly":[76],"diverse,":[77],"emphasizing":[78],"collaboration":[80],"However,":[83],"received":[87],"little":[88],"research":[89],"attention":[90],"settings,":[93],"even":[95],"less":[96],"PBL.":[99],"contributes":[102],"existing":[105],"literature":[106],"on":[107,154,276],"Research":[117],"Question:":[118],"What":[119],"do":[121],"consider":[124],"supporting":[127],"an":[133],"team":[136,234],"context?":[137],"Methodology:":[138],"Theoretically,":[139],"framed":[143],"within":[144],"three":[145],"interrelated":[146],"dimensions,":[147],"namely,":[148],"intrapersonal,":[149],"behavioral,":[150],"environmental.":[152],"Based":[153],"this":[155],"framework,":[156],"a":[157],"survey":[158,174],"instrument":[159],"31":[161],"items":[162],"was":[163,250],"constructed":[164],"responses":[166],"were":[167,200,283],"obtained":[168],"from":[169,220],"310":[170],"students.":[172],"used":[175],"expert":[176],"review,":[177],"student":[178],"piloting,":[179],"exploratory":[180],"factor":[181,249],"analysis":[182,212,242],"(EFA),":[183],"Cronbach\u2019s":[185],"alpha":[186],"test":[188],"content":[189],"validity,":[190,192],"construct":[191],"reliability.":[194],"descriptive":[196],"demographic":[198,262],"statistics":[199],"examined":[201],"through":[202],"<inline-formula":[203],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[204],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[205],"<tex-math":[206],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$t$":[207],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[208],"-test":[209],"variance":[214],"test.":[215],"Findings:":[216],"Five":[217],"factors":[218],"emerged":[219],"EFA:":[221],"1)":[222],"interest":[223,246],"motivation;":[225],"2)":[226],"self-efficacy;":[227],"3)":[228],"self-regulated":[229],"behaviors":[230],"teams;":[232],"4)":[233],"dynamics;":[235],"5)":[237],"external":[238],"support.":[239],"statistical":[241],"shows":[243],"that":[244],"motivation":[248],"perceived":[251],"by":[252],"most":[258],"important.":[259],"Furthermore,":[260],"several":[261],"variables,":[263],"gender,":[265],"nationality,":[266],"year":[267],"study,":[269],"type":[271],"based":[275],"level":[278],"experience":[280],"found":[284],"impact":[286],"students\u2019":[288],"development.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
