{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2327553680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2016.2535207","title":"More Time or Better Tools? A Large-Scale Retrospective Comparison of Pedagogical Approaches to Teach Programming","display_name":"More Time or Better Tools? A Large-Scale Retrospective Comparison of Pedagogical Approaches to Teach Programming","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2327553680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2016.2535207","mag":"2327553680"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/te.2016.2535207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2016.2535207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207741693","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","issn_l":"0018-9359","issn":["0018-9359","1557-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322189","host_organization_name":"IEEE Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322189","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Education Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048459937","display_name":"Gabriela Silva-Maceda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7313-4777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196664497","display_name":"Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/000917t60","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriela Silva-Maceda","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080655207","display_name":"P. David Arjona-Villica\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-4755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196664497","display_name":"Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/000917t60","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. David Arjona-Villicana","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083101812","display_name":"Francisco Edgar Castillo-Barrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-5819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196664497","display_name":"Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/000917t60","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Edgar Castillo-Barrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0565,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95949401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"4","first_page":"274","last_page":"281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9700999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9650999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6623169183731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6123911738395691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5808694362640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5645871162414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.537659227848053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-data","display_name":"Raw data","score":0.47983309626579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.45371565222740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duration","display_name":"Duration (music)","score":0.4403679668903351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.35946011543273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2045232355594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.186629056930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.10228592157363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09677070379257202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6623169183731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6123911738395691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5808694362640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5645871162414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.537659227848053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.47983309626579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.45371565222740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.4403679668903351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.35946011543273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2045232355594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.186629056930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.10228592157363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09677070379257202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/te.2016.2535207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.2016.2535207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207741693","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","issn_l":"0018-9359","issn":["0018-9359","1557-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322189","host_organization_name":"IEEE Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322189","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Education Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90076166","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1536236958","https://openalex.org/W1575674910","https://openalex.org/W1968208229","https://openalex.org/W1979184345","https://openalex.org/W1988578421","https://openalex.org/W2004560768","https://openalex.org/W2010143555","https://openalex.org/W2018924648","https://openalex.org/W2050299516","https://openalex.org/W2050525049","https://openalex.org/W2057136105","https://openalex.org/W2067438752","https://openalex.org/W2079905355","https://openalex.org/W2082372285","https://openalex.org/W2090471876","https://openalex.org/W2138974766","https://openalex.org/W2147070375","https://openalex.org/W2153845057","https://openalex.org/W2155561716","https://openalex.org/W2165076937","https://openalex.org/W2167872882","https://openalex.org/W2249595199","https://openalex.org/W2733521666","https://openalex.org/W2994192472","https://openalex.org/W3000157545","https://openalex.org/W3003539209","https://openalex.org/W3005602650","https://openalex.org/W6603800105","https://openalex.org/W6771479375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348837382","https://openalex.org/W746329893","https://openalex.org/W4205872570","https://openalex.org/W4245971243","https://openalex.org/W4234874385","https://openalex.org/W4253588120","https://openalex.org/W2383732295","https://openalex.org/W4248716494","https://openalex.org/W2162226802","https://openalex.org/W2323648130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0],"to":[1,14,21,172],"program":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,111,117,126],"complex":[5],"task,":[6],"and":[7,84,159],"the":[8,26,50,53,65,70,76,95,122,134],"impact":[9],"of":[10,29,32,52,57,121],"different":[11,41],"pedagogical":[12,42,45,97,160],"approaches":[13,46,98],"teach":[15],"this":[16],"skill":[17],"has":[18],"been":[19,164],"hard":[20],"measure.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24],"examined":[25],"performance":[27],"data":[28],"seven":[30],"cohorts":[31],"students":[33],"(N":[34],"=":[35],"1168)":[36],"learning":[37],"programming":[38,55,66,77,135],"under":[39,94],"three":[40,61,96],"approaches.":[43],"These":[44],"varied":[47],"either":[48],"in":[49,64,69,130,170],"length":[51],"introductory":[54,123],"block":[56,124],"courses":[58],"(two":[59],"or":[60,63,75],"semesters)":[62],"tool":[67,79,136],"used":[68,137],"first":[71],"semester":[72],"(C":[73],"language":[74],"support":[78],"Raptor).":[80],"In":[81],"addition,":[82],"gender":[83,141],"initial":[85,107,157],"course":[86],"selection":[87],"differences":[88,142,149],"were":[89,99,102,143,150],"investigated.":[90],"Raw":[91,140],"pass":[92,128],"rates":[93],"compared;":[100],"they":[101],"also":[103],"compared,":[104],"controlling":[105],"for":[106],"ability":[108,158],"levels,":[109],"using":[110],"logistic":[112],"regression.":[113],"Results":[114],"showed":[115],"that":[116],"more":[118],"extensive":[119],"duration":[120],"produced":[125],"higher":[127],"rate":[129],"students,":[131],"but":[132,154],"changing":[133],"did":[138],"not.":[139],"not":[144,155],"statistically":[145,152],"significant;":[146],"admission":[147],"phase":[148],"initially":[151],"different,":[153],"once":[156],"approach":[161],"received":[162],"had":[163],"accounted":[165],"for.":[166],"Findings":[167],"are":[168],"discussed":[169],"relation":[171],"existing":[173],"literature.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
