{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160231110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3690461","title":"Adversarial Robustness of Link Sign Prediction in Signed Graphs","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness of Link Sign Prediction in Signed Graphs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160231110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3690461"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2026.3690461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3690461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135345682","display_name":"Jialong Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-6418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135407308","display_name":"Xing Ai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7691-9943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135345861","display_name":"Yuni Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuni Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-912X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135397177","display_name":"Tomasz Michalak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150735","display_name":"IDEA of Development Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/045embs06","country_code":"PL","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150735"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Michalak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Warsaw and IDEAS Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5288-0324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warsaw and IDEAS Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012689655","display_name":"G Y Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaolei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-5001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391361","display_name":"Jianhua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6831-3973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6831-3973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135345451","display_name":"Di Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150405","display_name":"Hongzhiwei Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bapa014","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai CESI Technology Company, Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai CESI Technology Company, Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135337769","display_name":"Xingxing Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150405","display_name":"Hongzhiwei Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bapa014","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingxing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai CESI Technology Company, Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai CESI Technology Company, Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135382152","display_name":"Mengpei Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162213","display_name":"China Electronics Standardization Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hxrpj87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162213","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengpei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electronics Standardization Institute, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electronics Standardization Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135359631","display_name":"Kai Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1383-2765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51916057,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"9044","last_page":"9058"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.6567999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.6567999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.22040000557899475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7426999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7322999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link","display_name":"Link (geometry)","score":0.5232999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-mail","display_name":"Electronic mail","score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signed-graph","display_name":"Signed graph","score":0.3107999861240387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7426999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7322999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7307000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5232999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4287000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779773260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11246292","display_name":"Signed graph","level":3,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986158284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Distance measurement","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159246509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428725","display_name":"Factor graph","level":3,"score":0.2605000138282776}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2026.3690461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3690461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.42058321833610535,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5875462336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62572314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7047364517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7522473974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PROCONTRA-885666","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673729927","https://openalex.org/W1791406872","https://openalex.org/W2073415627","https://openalex.org/W2083392533","https://openalex.org/W2090891622","https://openalex.org/W2092939357","https://openalex.org/W2114051435","https://openalex.org/W2142517301","https://openalex.org/W2144780381","https://openalex.org/W2156894402","https://openalex.org/W2585835859","https://openalex.org/W2622849676","https://openalex.org/W2887092413","https://openalex.org/W2891704284","https://openalex.org/W2908442265","https://openalex.org/W2941876699","https://openalex.org/W2949208225","https://openalex.org/W2958874938","https://openalex.org/W2964140784","https://openalex.org/W2985068832","https://openalex.org/W2997638284","https://openalex.org/W3036446966","https://openalex.org/W3047927251","https://openalex.org/W3081203761","https://openalex.org/W3095746859","https://openalex.org/W3168925038","https://openalex.org/W3175507592","https://openalex.org/W3195582280","https://openalex.org/W3199046599","https://openalex.org/W3208007380","https://openalex.org/W3210577294","https://openalex.org/W4206983130","https://openalex.org/W4225015871","https://openalex.org/W4361858883","https://openalex.org/W4367046596","https://openalex.org/W4375869378","https://openalex.org/W4376130198","https://openalex.org/W4387623811","https://openalex.org/W4391769971","https://openalex.org/W4392902906","https://openalex.org/W4392902950","https://openalex.org/W4399882185","https://openalex.org/W4400526338","https://openalex.org/W4400910438","https://openalex.org/W4402024164","https://openalex.org/W4403780678","https://openalex.org/W4407384867","https://openalex.org/W4407762172","https://openalex.org/W4408937772","https://openalex.org/W4409019477","https://openalex.org/W4409363443","https://openalex.org/W4410909756","https://openalex.org/W7133241326"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Signed":[0],"graphs":[1,88],"serve":[2],"as":[3,23,104],"fundamental":[4],"data":[5],"structures":[6],"for":[7,27,38],"representing":[8],"positive":[9],"and":[10,68,171,182,191,201],"negative":[11],"relationships":[12,41],"in":[13,42,147,197],"social":[14,198],"networks,":[15],"with":[16,110,133],"signed":[17,40,194],"graph":[18,65,140,195],"neural":[19],"networks":[20],"(SGNNs)":[21],"emerging":[22],"the":[24,76,148,156,176,183,189,204,209],"primary":[25],"tool":[26],"their":[28],"analysis.":[29],"Our":[30],"investigation":[31],"reveals":[32],"that":[33,129],"balance":[34,66,90,134,145],"theory,":[35],"while":[36],"essential":[37],"modeling":[39],"SGNNs,":[43],"inadvertently":[44],"introduces":[45],"exploitable":[46],"vulnerabilities":[47],"to":[48,63,74,85,108,137],"black-box":[49],"attacks.":[50],"To":[51,114],"showcase":[52],"this,":[53],"we":[54,98,118],"propose":[55],"balance-attack,":[56],"a":[57,95],"novel":[58],"adversarial":[59],"strategy":[60],"specifically":[61],"designed":[62],"compromise":[64],"degree,":[67],"develop":[69],"an":[70,126],"efficient":[71],"heuristic":[72],"algorithm":[73],"solve":[75],"associated":[77],"NP-hard":[78],"optimization":[79],"problem.":[80],"While":[81],"existing":[82],"approaches":[83],"attempt":[84],"restore":[86],"attacked":[87],"through":[89],"learning":[91,132],"techniques,":[92],"they":[93],"face":[94],"critical":[96],"challenge":[97,158],"term":[99],"\u201cIrreversibility":[100],"of":[101,178,186,193,203],"Balance-related":[102],"Information,\u201d":[103],"restored":[105],"edges":[106],"fail":[107],"align":[109],"original":[111],"attack":[112],"targets.":[113],"address":[115],"this":[116],"limitation,":[117],"introduce":[119],"Balance":[120],"Augmented-Signed":[121],"Graph":[122],"Contrastive":[123],"Learning":[124],"(BA-SGCL),":[125],"innovative":[127],"framework":[128,206],"combines":[130],"contrastive":[131],"augmentation":[135],"techniques":[136],"achieve":[138],"robust":[139],"representations.":[141],"By":[142],"maintaining":[143],"high":[144],"degree":[146],"latent":[149],"space,":[150],"BA-SGCL":[151],"not":[152],"only":[153],"effectively":[154],"circumvents":[155],"irreversibility":[157],"but":[159],"also":[160],"significantly":[161],"enhances":[162],"model":[163],"resilience.":[164],"Extensive":[165],"experiments":[166],"across":[167],"multiple":[168],"SGNN":[169],"architectures":[170],"real-world":[172],"datasets":[173],"demonstrate":[174],"both":[175],"effectiveness":[177],"our":[179],"proposed":[180,205],"balance-attack":[181],"superior":[184],"robustness":[185],"BA-SGCL,":[187],"advancing":[188],"security":[190],"reliability":[192],"analysis":[196],"networks.":[199],"Datasets":[200],"codes":[202],"are":[207],"at":[208],"github":[210],"repositoryhttps://github.com/JialongZhou666/BA-SGCL.git.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-05-06T00:00:00"}