{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7148892740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3680667","title":"Latent Danger Zone: Distilling Unified Attention for Cross-Architecture Black-Box Attacks","display_name":"Latent Danger Zone: Distilling Unified Attention for Cross-Architecture Black-Box Attacks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7148892740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3680667"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2026.3680667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3680667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108048308","display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5830-9306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5672-4110","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385862","display_name":"Chenyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-7662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0510-3307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020808016","display_name":"Tingting Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5938-8704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingrui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6107-9812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081836212","display_name":"Yongwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0982-8731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141176","display_name":"Communication University of Zhejiang","ror":"https://ror.org/04t7gxr16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9712-8964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065859286","display_name":"Hui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9198-3951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haonan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2366-7287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423688","display_name":"Zheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4252-4617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhunga Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7144-7449","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132871730","display_name":"Quan Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8162-2896","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41167685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"8128","last_page":"8145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.3864000141620636,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.3864000141620636,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.3822000026702881,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.05689999833703041,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threat-model","display_name":"Threat model","score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.25429999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.788100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.24130000174045563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.23659999668598175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2026.3680667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3680667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5194125175476074},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4594661593437195}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1717529347","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62425308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3510100086","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62103330","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6803843111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62233014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8256623088","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20241C-TBZC-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Black-box":[0],"adversarial":[1,47,51,91,127,163],"attacks":[2],"remain":[3],"challenging":[4],"due":[5],"to":[6,9,107,152],"limited":[7,26],"access":[8],"model":[10,43,58,98],"internals.":[11],"Existing":[12],"methods":[13],"often":[14],"depend":[15],"on":[16,79,134],"specific":[17],"network":[18,69],"architectures":[19],"or":[20],"require":[21],"numerous":[22],"queries,":[23],"resulting":[24],"in":[25],"cross-architecture":[27,149],"transferability":[28,150],"and":[29,71,148,158],"high":[30,126],"query":[31],"costs.":[32],"To":[33],"address":[34],"these":[35],"limitations,":[36],"we":[37],"propose":[38],"JAD,":[39],"a":[40,55,66,72,156],"latent":[41,56],"diffusion":[42,57,123],"framework":[44,124],"for":[45,161],"black-box":[46,162],"attacks.":[48,164],"JAD":[49,106,140],"generates":[50],"examples":[52],"by":[53,60,131],"leveraging":[54],"guided":[59],"attention":[61,102],"maps":[62],"distilled":[63],"from":[64],"both":[65],"convolutional":[67],"neural":[68],"(CNN)":[70],"Vision":[73],"Transformer":[74],"(ViT)":[75],"models.":[76,116],"By":[77],"focusing":[78],"image":[80],"regions":[81],"that":[82,93,139],"are":[83],"commonly":[84],"sensitive":[85],"across":[86,114],"architectures,":[87],"this":[88],"approach":[89],"crafts":[90],"perturbations":[92],"transfer":[94],"effectively":[95],"between":[96],"different":[97],"types.":[99],"This":[100],"joint":[101],"distillation":[103],"strategy":[104],"enables":[105],"be":[108],"architecture-agnostic,":[109],"achieving":[110],"superior":[111],"attack":[112,141,144],"generalization":[113],"diverse":[115],"Moreover,":[117],"the":[118,122],"generative":[119],"nature":[120],"of":[121],"yields":[125],"sample":[128],"generation":[129,146],"efficiency":[130],"reducing":[132],"reliance":[133],"iterative":[135],"queries.":[136],"Experiments":[137],"demonstrate":[138],"offers":[142],"improved":[143],"generalization,":[145],"efficiency,":[147],"compared":[151],"existing":[153],"methods,":[154],"providing":[155],"promising":[157],"effective":[159],"paradigm":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-04-04T00:00:00"}
