{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128425158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3663007","title":"Secure Outsourcing Scheme for FCM-PSO Based Medical Image Segmentation Algorithm","display_name":"Secure Outsourcing Scheme for FCM-PSO Based Medical Image Segmentation Algorithm","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128425158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3663007"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2026.3663007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3663007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125439897","display_name":"Xinrong Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinrong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5510-394X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125437951","display_name":"Yunting Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunting Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Binzhou Polytechnic, Binzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Binzhou Polytechnic, Binzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125465547","display_name":"Chunpeng Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunpeng Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9274-7325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022454790","display_name":"Chuan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5530-5966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6198-9498","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125439836","display_name":"Fanyu Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanyu Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1369-6855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012907124","display_name":"Hanlin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9353-6071"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanlin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-6863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125433411","display_name":"Jia Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0574-7803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16651714,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"6246","last_page":"6263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.14949999749660492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.14949999749660492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.06759999692440033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.051600001752376556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation-based-object-categorization","display_name":"Segmentation-based object categorization","score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-analysis","display_name":"Security analysis","score":0.3580999970436096}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7767999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25694479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7446278","display_name":"Segmentation-based object categorization","level":5,"score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143273055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382794","display_name":"Delegate","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56372850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse matrix","level":3,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66989864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594646","display_name":"Paillier cryptosystem","level":5,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63099799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147001","display_name":"Image texture","level":4,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2026.3663007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3663007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28997651","https://openalex.org/W1571821840","https://openalex.org/W1884191083","https://openalex.org/W1975199330","https://openalex.org/W1980516015","https://openalex.org/W1986517950","https://openalex.org/W2007447217","https://openalex.org/W2113076747","https://openalex.org/W2145183917","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2308297356","https://openalex.org/W2597712471","https://openalex.org/W2763958004","https://openalex.org/W2806114558","https://openalex.org/W2895292895","https://openalex.org/W2896580552","https://openalex.org/W2946658425","https://openalex.org/W2957686556","https://openalex.org/W2970598121","https://openalex.org/W2980577974","https://openalex.org/W2981264804","https://openalex.org/W3004270304","https://openalex.org/W3005652716","https://openalex.org/W3035962230","https://openalex.org/W3092694850","https://openalex.org/W3095532657","https://openalex.org/W3133046277","https://openalex.org/W3155559132","https://openalex.org/W3156643720","https://openalex.org/W3206306675","https://openalex.org/W3207918547","https://openalex.org/W3213541114","https://openalex.org/W4205505117","https://openalex.org/W4224292479","https://openalex.org/W4285269838","https://openalex.org/W4312337272","https://openalex.org/W4312438864","https://openalex.org/W4313031774","https://openalex.org/W4381327623","https://openalex.org/W4388692076","https://openalex.org/W4389169455","https://openalex.org/W4392908482","https://openalex.org/W4406171759"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1],"algorithm":[2,32,93,197],"for":[3,20,87],"multi-modal":[4],"image":[5,21,37,68,91,107,134,180,191],"segmentation":[6,38,69,92,108,181],"is":[7],"extensively":[8],"employed":[9],"in":[10],"medical":[11,61],"analysis":[12],"and":[13,27,76],"diagnosis.":[14],"Clustering":[15],"represents":[16],"a":[17,83,95,158],"mainstream":[18],"approach":[19],"segmentation,":[22],"with":[23,187],"the":[24,44,67,88,106,112,118,132,149,164,176,179,188,195],"fuzzy":[25],"c-means":[26],"particle":[28],"swarm":[29],"optimization":[30],"(FCM-PSO)":[31],"garnering":[33],"significant":[34],"attention.":[35],"As":[36],"tasks":[39],"have":[40],"substantial":[41],"computational":[42],"costs,":[43],"outsourcing":[45,70,85],"scheme":[46,71,86,174],"offers":[47],"an":[48,122],"effective":[49],"solution":[50],"by":[51,140,183],"leveraging":[52],"cloud":[53,124],"servers":[54],"to":[55,121,130,162,185,194],"execute":[56],"complex":[57],"computations.":[58],"Given":[59],"that":[60,172],"images":[62],"contain":[63],"sensitive":[64],"patient":[65],"information,":[66],"must":[72],"ensure":[73],"data":[74],"privacy":[75],"confidentiality.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"we":[81,110,156],"propose":[82],"secure":[84],"FCM-PSO":[89],"based":[90],"through":[94],"novel":[96],"sparse":[97,128],"matrix":[98],"encryption":[99],"method.":[100],"By":[101],"analyzing":[102],"each":[103],"stage":[104],"of":[105,116,152,166,178,190],"algorithm,":[109],"delegate":[111],"computationally":[113],"intensive":[114],"task":[115,182],"calculating":[117],"Euclidean":[119],"distance":[120],"untrusted":[123],"server.":[125],"We":[126],"utilize":[127],"matrices":[129,137],"obscure":[131],"private":[133],"data.":[135],"These":[136],"are":[138],"created":[139],"incorporating":[141],"multiple":[142],"small-sized":[143],"random":[144],"invertible":[145],"matrices,":[146],"thereby":[147],"circumventing":[148],"local":[150],"storage":[151],"generation":[153],"factors.":[154],"Additionally,":[155],"implement":[157],"lightweight":[159],"verification":[160],"method":[161],"verify":[163],"correctness":[165],"returned":[167],"results.":[168],"Experimental":[169],"results":[170],"show":[171],"our":[173],"improves":[175],"efficiency":[177],"29.99%":[184],"49.50%":[186],"increasing":[189],"set,":[192],"compared":[193],"original":[196],"executed":[198],"locally.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-10T00:00:00"}