{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127636537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3661522","title":"BPFLH: Byzantine-Robust Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning for Heterogeneous Data","display_name":"BPFLH: Byzantine-Robust Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning for Heterogeneous Data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127636537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3661522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2026.3661522","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3661522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100540922","display_name":"Guofu Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guofu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001399678","display_name":"Wenting Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenting Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1467-9619","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062494507","display_name":"Zhiquan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-2177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiquan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-2177","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jing Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-0396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-0396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120898460","display_name":"Jixin Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","display_name":"University of Greenwich","ror":"https://ror.org/00bmj0a71","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jixin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing and Mathematical Sciences Department, University of Greenwich, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7458-7412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing and Mathematical Sciences Department, University of Greenwich, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100540922"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18964421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"6103","last_page":"6118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.8144000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.7243000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.5637999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.36039999127388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8798999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.8144000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.7243000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.5637999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82578977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16773055","display_name":"Data aggregator","level":3,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70061542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989016","display_name":"Distributed database","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17532199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083590","display_name":"Quantum Byzantine agreement","level":4,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25929999351501465}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2026.3661522","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2026.3661522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gala.gre.ac.uk:52448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7458-7412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401244","display_name":"Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","host_organization_name":"University of Greenwich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.767117440700531}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5149127596","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24A20244","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G909795155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023KJ365","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334014","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Technology Project of Higher School in Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334014","display_name":"Youth Innovation Technology Project of Higher School in Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Byzantine-robust":[0,64,166],"federated":[1],"learning":[2],"(FL)":[3],"aims":[4],"to":[5,36,76,121,164],"obtain":[6],"an":[7],"accurate":[8],"global":[9],"model":[10,53],"even":[11],"with":[12],"potentially":[13],"Byzantine":[14,109,129,154],"users.":[15,90],"However,":[16],"most":[17],"existing":[18,165],"schemes":[19],"rely":[20],"on":[21,137],"measuring":[22],"the":[23,27,74,83,94,105],"overall":[24],"differences":[25,85],"between":[26],"entire":[28],"gradient":[29],"vectors":[30],"of":[31,96],"different":[32,89],"users,":[33],"which":[34],"fail":[35],"effectively":[37],"distinguish":[38],"malicious":[39,102],"gradients":[40,87],"from":[41,88],"benign":[42,98],"ones":[43],"caused":[44],"by":[45],"data":[46,113,145],"heterogeneity":[47],"under":[48,140],"non-IID":[49,112,171],"settings,":[50],"thereby":[51],"compromising":[52,133],"performance.":[54],"To":[55],"tackle":[56],"this":[57],"challenge,":[58],"we":[59],"propose":[60],"BPFLH,":[61],"a":[62],"novel":[63],"privacy":[65,158],"preserving":[66,157],"FL":[67,167],"framework":[68],"for":[69],"heterogeneous":[70],"data.":[71],"BPFLH":[72,116,149],"is":[73],"first":[75],"introduce":[77],"Bray\u2013Curtis":[78],"dissimilarity":[79],"into":[80],"FL,":[81],"capturing":[82],"element-wise":[84],"among":[86],"This":[91],"method":[92],"reduces":[93],"risk":[95],"misclassifying":[97],"gradi":[99],"ents":[100],"as":[101],"and":[103,128,144,159],"enhance":[104],"model's":[106],"robustness":[107,152],"against":[108,153],"attacks":[110,155],"in":[111,170],"environments.":[114,172],"Furthermore,":[115],"leverages":[117],"CKKS":[118],"homomorphic":[119],"encryption":[120],"protect":[122],"local":[123],"gradients,":[124],"enabling":[125],"secure":[126],"aggregation":[127],"user":[130],"detection":[131],"without":[132],"privacy.":[134],"Extensive":[135],"experiments":[136],"real-world":[138],"datasets":[139],"various":[141],"attack":[142],"scenarios":[143],"distributions":[146],"demonstrate":[147],"that":[148],"exhibits":[150],"strong":[151],"while":[156],"maintaining":[160],"superior":[161],"accuracy":[162],"compared":[163],"methods,":[168],"particularly":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-15T06:05:50.897203","created_date":"2026-02-06T00:00:00"}