{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416368419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3631748","title":"Characterizing Contactless Side-Channel Eavesdropping on Wireless Chargers","display_name":"Characterizing Contactless Side-Channel Eavesdropping on Wireless Chargers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416368419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3631748"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3631748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3631748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084719047","display_name":"Tao Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0671-3020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["HK","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0671-3020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035752577","display_name":"Chaoshun Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3581-1500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoshun Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100462018","display_name":"Jianfeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-0195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianfeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-0195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044096889","display_name":"Wubing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5954-8954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wubing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["DBAPPSecurity Company Ltd., Hangzhou, China","Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DBAPPSecurity Company Ltd., Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036424879","display_name":"Weitao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-5912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weitao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","DBAPPSecurity Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-5912","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DBAPPSecurity Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400376","display_name":"Xiapu Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-3208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiapu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-3208","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081847082","display_name":"Qingchuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-2846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingchuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-2846","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18519187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"3252","last_page":"3270"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.7013999819755554,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.7013999819755554,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.195700004696846,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.019099999219179153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.8621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-power-transfer","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.483599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-charging","display_name":"Inductive charging","score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.36899998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.8621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.765500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.483599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776199953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2611270","display_name":"Inductive charging","level":3,"score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152153834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339878","display_name":"Wi-Fi array","level":4,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.26030001044273376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3631748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3631748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2148484985","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964815273","https://openalex.org/W1987487978","https://openalex.org/W1993520820","https://openalex.org/W1997107053","https://openalex.org/W2018636632","https://openalex.org/W2062826588","https://openalex.org/W2106693504","https://openalex.org/W2161925948","https://openalex.org/W2405148462","https://openalex.org/W2410255620","https://openalex.org/W2520314336","https://openalex.org/W2533043266","https://openalex.org/W2534482106","https://openalex.org/W2563009067","https://openalex.org/W2625110865","https://openalex.org/W2727746364","https://openalex.org/W2751592946","https://openalex.org/W2762623186","https://openalex.org/W2933698448","https://openalex.org/W2950412189","https://openalex.org/W2957423437","https://openalex.org/W2989013751","https://openalex.org/W2991535931","https://openalex.org/W3015990833","https://openalex.org/W3137928671","https://openalex.org/W3154803439","https://openalex.org/W3164146938","https://openalex.org/W3186393204","https://openalex.org/W3202309197","https://openalex.org/W3212495950","https://openalex.org/W3213922268","https://openalex.org/W4200228093","https://openalex.org/W4200426111","https://openalex.org/W4214699605","https://openalex.org/W4225476734","https://openalex.org/W4282960242","https://openalex.org/W4283009048","https://openalex.org/W4285228252","https://openalex.org/W4288309108","https://openalex.org/W4297677417","https://openalex.org/W4300824008","https://openalex.org/W4306178733","https://openalex.org/W4384948735","https://openalex.org/W4385080301","https://openalex.org/W4385080395","https://openalex.org/W4386260584","https://openalex.org/W4386260597","https://openalex.org/W4387212335","https://openalex.org/W4387212494","https://openalex.org/W4387227545","https://openalex.org/W4388857868","https://openalex.org/W4390941816","https://openalex.org/W4391110930","https://openalex.org/W4391724823"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today,":[0],"there":[1],"are":[2,27],"an":[3,117,128],"increasing":[4],"number":[5],"of":[6,74,144,180],"smartphones":[7,152],"equipped":[8],"with":[9,148],"wireless":[10,22,58,103,154],"charging":[11,59,68,209],"capabilities":[12],"that":[13,26,89,160,189],"use":[14],"electromagnetic":[15],"induction":[16],"to":[17,24,116,130,193,202,205],"transfer":[18],"power":[19],"from":[20,56,112,219],"a":[21,35,83],"charger":[23],"devices":[25],"being":[28],"charged.":[29],"In":[30,183],"this":[31,75],"paper,":[32],"we":[33,79,212],"unveil":[34],"novelcontactlessandcontext-awareside-channel":[36],"attack":[37,85,206],"in":[38,165],"wire":[39],"less":[40],"charging,":[41],"which":[42],"harnesses":[43],"two":[44],"physical":[45],"phenomena,i.e.,":[46],"the":[47,51,57,67,72,92,96,102,113,142,171,175,178,207,220],"coil":[48,93],"whine":[49,94],"and":[50,61,81,95,120,134,153,177,198,216],"magnetic":[52,97],"field":[53,98],"perturbations,":[54],"emanating":[55],"process":[60],"further":[62,135],"infers":[63,106],"user":[64],"interactions":[65],"on":[66,174],"smartphone.":[69],"To":[70],"validate":[71],"feasibility":[73],"new":[76],"side":[77],"channel,":[78],"design":[80],"implement":[82],"three-stage":[84],"framework,":[86],"dubbed":[87],"WISERS+,":[88],"first":[90],"captures":[91],"perturbation":[99],"emitted":[100],"by":[101],"charger,":[104],"then":[105],"(i)":[107],"inter-interface":[108],"switches":[109],"(e.g.,":[110,124],"switching":[111],"home":[114],"screen":[115,176],"app":[118],"interface)":[119],"(ii)":[121],"intra-interface":[122],"activities":[123],"keyboard":[125],"inputs":[126],"inside":[127],"app)":[129],"builduser":[131],"interaction":[132],"contexts,":[133],"reveals":[136],"sensitive":[137,167],"information.":[138],"We":[139],"extensively":[140],"evaluate":[141],"effectiveness":[143],"our":[145,185],"proposed":[146],"attacks":[147],"different":[149],"commercial-off-the-shelf":[150],"(COTS)":[151],"chargers.":[155],"Our":[156],"evaluation":[157],"results":[158],"suggest":[159],"WISERS+canachieve":[161],"over":[162],"90.4%":[163],"accuracy":[164],"inferring":[166],"information,":[168],"such":[169],"as":[170],"unlocking":[172],"passcode":[173],"launch":[179],"mobile":[181],"apps.":[182],"addition,":[184],"study":[186],"also":[187],"demonstrates":[188],"WISERS+":[190,221],"is":[191],"resilient":[192],"several":[194],"practical":[195],"impact":[196],"factors,":[197],"presents":[199],"its":[200],"potential":[201],"be":[203],"extended":[204],"fast":[208],"mode.":[210],"Finally,":[211],"propose":[213],"effective":[214],"countermeasures":[215],"mitigate":[217],"threats":[218],"attack.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-11-19T00:00:00"}