{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414603391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3612270","title":"AI-Shielder: Exploiting Backdoors to Defend Against Adversarial Attacks","display_name":"AI-Shielder: Exploiting Backdoors to Defend Against Adversarial Attacks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414603391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3612270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3612270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3612270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103837552","display_name":"Hong Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software School, Shandong University, Jinan, China","School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0673-2283","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software School, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027504758","display_name":"Shengzhi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9432-9779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengzhi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9432-9779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437976","display_name":"Kai Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5624-2987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5624-2987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10028718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"1244","last_page":"1259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9383999705314636,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.9681000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5781000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.47839999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threat-model","display_name":"Threat model","score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.29840001463890076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.9681000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.857200026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5781000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5681999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.47839999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778403875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20312394","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","level":3,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65856478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3991682","display_name":"Attack model","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3612270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3612270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1378608539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1900487944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62572285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2363194220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2025QC1556","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4154949110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20467","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5541525046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92270204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8081072183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172258","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8872547108","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24A20236","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1998808035","https://openalex.org/W2019464758","https://openalex.org/W2067713319","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2753783305","https://openalex.org/W2765424254","https://openalex.org/W2799194071","https://openalex.org/W2934843808","https://openalex.org/W2942091739","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2966689772","https://openalex.org/W2967177252","https://openalex.org/W2969542116","https://openalex.org/W2984260944","https://openalex.org/W2986013765","https://openalex.org/W3015625436","https://openalex.org/W3034619610","https://openalex.org/W3088733693","https://openalex.org/W3107235539","https://openalex.org/W3107337211","https://openalex.org/W3107942585","https://openalex.org/W3127616799","https://openalex.org/W3204379741","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4306966821","https://openalex.org/W4323896829","https://openalex.org/W4384948583","https://openalex.org/W4390871747","https://openalex.org/W4390872540","https://openalex.org/W4391326543","https://openalex.org/W4393154890","https://openalex.org/W4395056508","https://openalex.org/W4402776736","https://openalex.org/W4403094354","https://openalex.org/W4409366812"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(DNNs)":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,43,105,132,150],"many":[9],"fields":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,22,29,65,74,118,143],"their":[13],"increasingly":[14],"high":[15],"accuracy.":[16,136],"However,":[17],"they":[18],"are":[19,41],"also":[20,48],"vulnerable":[21],"adversarial":[23,67,77,95,107],"attacks,":[24,46],"posing":[25],"a":[26,62,129],"serious":[27],"threat":[28],"security-critical":[30],"applications":[31],"such":[32,45],"as":[33],"autonomous":[34],"driving,":[35],"remote":[36],"diagnosis,":[37],"etc.":[38],"Existing":[39],"solutions":[40],"limited":[42],"detecting/preventing":[44],"and":[47,79,99],"impacting":[49],"the":[50,53,76,81,84,112,122,133,144],"performance":[51,82],"on":[52],"original":[54,85],"tasks.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59],"present":[60],"AI-Shielder,":[61],"novel":[63],"approach":[64],"defeating":[66,106],"attacks":[68],"that":[69],"leverages":[70],"intentionally":[71],"embedded":[72],"backdoors":[73],"fail":[75],"perturbations":[78],"maintain":[80],"of":[83],"main":[86],"task.":[87],"We":[88],"extensively":[89],"evaluate":[90],"AI-Shielder":[91,110,138],"using":[92],"sixteen":[93],"popular":[94],"example":[96],"generation":[97],"approaches,":[98],"experimental":[100],"results":[101],"demonstrate":[102],"its":[103],"efficacy":[104],"attacks.":[108],"Specifically,":[109],"reduces":[111],"attack":[113],"success":[114],"rate":[115],"from":[116],"91.8%":[117],"3.8%,":[119],"which":[120],"outperforms":[121],"state-of-the-art":[123],"works":[124],"by":[125],"37.2%,":[126],"with":[127],"only":[128,140],"0.6%":[130],"decline":[131],"clean":[134],"data":[135],"Furthermore,":[137],"introduces":[139],"1.43%":[141],"overhead":[142],"model":[145],"prediction":[146],"time,":[147],"almost":[148],"negligible":[149],"most":[151],"cases.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
