{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414270330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3611175","title":"Transaction Fairness in Blockchains, Revisited","display_name":"Transaction Fairness in Blockchains, Revisited","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414270330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3611175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3611175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3611175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051139802","display_name":"Rujia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-5632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rujia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-5632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032632519","display_name":"Xueping Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-6719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanwei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-749X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-749X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039007125","display_name":"Sisi Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-6807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sisi Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-6807","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9780-5443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9780-5443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7849,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88922692,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"752","last_page":"765"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.8276000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.7217000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predicate","display_name":"Predicate (mathematical logic)","score":0.5898000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5590999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5392000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5321000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trusted-third-party","display_name":"Trusted third party","score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4074999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8661999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.8276000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.7217000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140146324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144319","display_name":"Predicate (mathematical logic)","level":2,"score":0.5898000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5590999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5392000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5321000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4724000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139089976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142273","display_name":"Trusted third party","level":2,"score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4074999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72108876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844565","display_name":"Transaction processing","level":3,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145767","display_name":"Trust management (information system)","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70061542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989016","display_name":"Distributed database","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25185021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4053284","display_name":"Distributed transaction","level":4,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191558696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137712","display_name":"Serializability","level":5,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86532276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184065","display_name":"Delegation","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.25099998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165136773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363179","display_name":"Single point of failure","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3611175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3611175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2021969373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92267203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2980691587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"M23015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4829813191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12371522","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G488358823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M741949","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8555519613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62250710682","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W851575271","https://openalex.org/W1794148987","https://openalex.org/W1836078613","https://openalex.org/W1973501242","https://openalex.org/W1989850654","https://openalex.org/W2020593266","https://openalex.org/W2023930035","https://openalex.org/W2091626713","https://openalex.org/W2102764738","https://openalex.org/W2106004025","https://openalex.org/W2113929724","https://openalex.org/W2151426692","https://openalex.org/W2208909183","https://openalex.org/W2533941064","https://openalex.org/W2534313446","https://openalex.org/W2535029869","https://openalex.org/W2576622268","https://openalex.org/W2584120063","https://openalex.org/W2607508925","https://openalex.org/W2734245281","https://openalex.org/W2752830085","https://openalex.org/W2765706244","https://openalex.org/W2794929715","https://openalex.org/W2797481382","https://openalex.org/W2807403537","https://openalex.org/W2913096406","https://openalex.org/W2981750966","https://openalex.org/W2984747683","https://openalex.org/W3006291258","https://openalex.org/W3013718028","https://openalex.org/W3016124762","https://openalex.org/W3021475380","https://openalex.org/W3032514785","https://openalex.org/W3081512183","https://openalex.org/W3096210269","https://openalex.org/W3143489046","https://openalex.org/W3155854917","https://openalex.org/W3215964666","https://openalex.org/W4220884837","https://openalex.org/W4221007779","https://openalex.org/W4226337458","https://openalex.org/W4245672781","https://openalex.org/W4308642181","https://openalex.org/W4312796487","https://openalex.org/W4387857479","https://openalex.org/W4396759381","https://openalex.org/W4408750122"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,39,42,49,59,98,115],"growing":[2],"number":[3],"of":[4,41,52],"decentralized":[5],"finance":[6],"(DeFi)":[7],"applications,":[8],"transaction":[9],"fairness":[10,27,60,66],"in":[11,22,31],"blockchains":[12,72],"has":[13,28,91],"gained":[14],"much":[15],"research":[16],"interest.":[17],"As":[18],"a":[19,79,123,138],"broad":[20],"concept":[21],"distributed":[23],"systems":[24],"and":[25,62],"blockchains,":[26],"been":[29],"used":[30],"different":[32,166],"contexts,":[33],"varying":[34],"from":[35],"ones":[36,45],"related":[37],"to":[38,44,71,101,107,142,162],"liveness":[40],"system":[43],"that":[46,64,125,135,169],"focus":[47],"on":[48,157,176],"received":[50],"order":[51],"transactions.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"work,":[56],"we":[57],"revisit":[58],"definitions":[61,67],"find":[63],"existing":[65,177],"are":[68],"not":[69],"adapted":[70],"with":[73,86,114,150],"multiple":[74],"DApps.":[75],"We":[76,120],"then":[77],"provide":[78,122],"more":[80],"generic":[81],"one":[82],"calledverifiable":[83],"fairness.":[84],"Compared":[85],"prior":[87,133],"definitions,":[88],"our":[89,145,170],"notion":[90],"two":[92],"unique":[93],"features:":[94],"(i)":[95],"it":[96,104],"relaxes":[97],"ordering":[99],"rules":[100],"apredicate;":[102],"(ii)":[103],"enables":[105],"users":[106],"independently":[108],"verify":[109],"if":[110],"their":[111],"transactions":[112],"comply":[113],"predicate":[116],"for":[117],"concrete":[118],"applications.":[119],"also":[121],"scheme":[124,146],"achieves":[126],"verifiable":[127],"fairness,":[128,144],"leveraging":[129],"trusted":[130],"hardware.":[131],"Unlike":[132],"works":[134],"usually":[136],"design":[137],"dedicated":[139],"consensus":[140],"protocol":[141],"achieve":[143],"can":[147],"be":[148],"integrated":[149],"any":[151],"blockchain":[152,178],"system.":[153],"Our":[154],"evaluation":[155],"results":[156],"Amazon":[158],"EC2":[159],"using":[160],"up":[161],"120":[163],"instances":[164],"across":[165],"regions":[167],"show":[168],"construction":[171],"imposes":[172],"only":[173],"minimal":[174],"overhead":[175],"systems.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}