{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414165900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3607847","title":"OSwap: Preserving the Atomicity and Indistinguishability of $\\bm {n}_{\\bm {1}}\\bm {\\sim }\\bm {n}_{\\bm {2}}$n1\u223cn2 Swap Without Synchronous Blockchain Communication","display_name":"OSwap: Preserving the Atomicity and Indistinguishability of $\\bm {n}_{\\bm {1}}\\bm {\\sim }\\bm {n}_{\\bm {2}}$n1\u223cn2 Swap Without Synchronous Blockchain Communication","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414165900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3607847"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3607847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3607847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101414020","display_name":"Panpan Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5258-8614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Panpan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078219471","display_name":"Zheng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-2108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Services Networks, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049154222","display_name":"Laurence T. Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7986-4244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurence T. Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, HUST, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, HUST, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061694501","display_name":"Elisa Bertino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-7051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisa Bertino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101414020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17994229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"477","last_page":"490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9175999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9175999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swap","display_name":"Swap (finance)","score":0.7893999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomicity","display_name":"Atomicity","score":0.6952000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asset","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","score":0.4643000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-currency","display_name":"Digital currency","score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-rate-swap","display_name":"Interest rate swap","score":0.3928000032901764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99821215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136583","display_name":"Swap (finance)","level":2,"score":0.7893999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7864000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188045909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306359","display_name":"Atomicity","level":3,"score":0.6952000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5105000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.4643000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48220719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Digital currency","level":3,"score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99560960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205258","display_name":"Interest rate swap","level":3,"score":0.3928000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94284585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228184","display_name":"Random oracle","level":4,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779312582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783272","display_name":"Counterparty","level":3,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72108876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844565","display_name":"Transaction processing","level":3,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777541363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110971","display_name":"Distributed ledger","level":3,"score":0.3336000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141121606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8142","display_name":"Currency","level":2,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51034333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4747796","display_name":"Amortizing loan","level":5,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776126399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3942906","display_name":"Immutability","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175992601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153179","display_name":"Commodity swap","level":3,"score":0.2660999894142151}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3607847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3607847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2574537347","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6398579089","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165274269","https://openalex.org/W1499934958","https://openalex.org/W1536808194","https://openalex.org/W1610688607","https://openalex.org/W1885156594","https://openalex.org/W2069196751","https://openalex.org/W2095708839","https://openalex.org/W2151413173","https://openalex.org/W2496543269","https://openalex.org/W2613637871","https://openalex.org/W2811448169","https://openalex.org/W2944664110","https://openalex.org/W2962718239","https://openalex.org/W2967051452","https://openalex.org/W2974125212","https://openalex.org/W2984747683","https://openalex.org/W3041566224","https://openalex.org/W3140685089","https://openalex.org/W3151344031","https://openalex.org/W3156083467","https://openalex.org/W3202887189","https://openalex.org/W3212916827","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4288057768","https://openalex.org/W4324007130","https://openalex.org/W4390818981","https://openalex.org/W4411337703","https://openalex.org/W4413204690","https://openalex.org/W4413205101"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain-enabled":[0],"digital":[1],"currency":[2],"systems,":[3],"referred":[4,68],"to":[5,24,69,122,140,224,263],"as":[6,70],"blockchains":[7,55,193,204],"for":[8,15,174],"brevity,":[9],"have":[10,21],"become":[11],"an":[12],"important":[13],"method":[14],"asset":[16,26,34,142],"management.":[17],"Additionally,":[18],"numerous":[19],"efforts":[20],"been":[22],"made":[23],"facilitate":[25],"swap":[27,92,123],"between":[28],"two":[29],"different":[30,54,66],"blockchains,":[31,67],"further":[32],"enhancing":[33],"circulation.":[35],"However,":[36],"few":[37],"works":[38],"address":[39],"the":[40,84,154,159,170,184,195,212,256],"general":[41],"scenario":[42],"in":[43,259],"which":[44],"one":[45],"trader":[46,58,185],"swaps":[47],"assets":[48,60,124,187,198],"from":[49,61,107,217],"<inline-formula":[50,62,71,86,176,189,200,218,225,251],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[51,63,72,78,87,109,134,177,190,201,219,226,252],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[52,64,73,88,178,191,202,220,227,253],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$n_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[53,192],"with":[56,163,169],"another":[57],"using":[59],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$n_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[65,203,254],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$n_{1}":[74,89,179,228],"\\sim":[75,90,180],"n_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[76,91,181],"<italic":[77,108,133],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">swap</i>.":[79],"This":[80],"paper":[81],"proposes":[82],"OSwap,":[83],"first":[85],"scheme":[93,173],"that":[94,209],"ensures":[95],"atomicity":[96,148],"without":[97,126],"relying":[98],"on":[99,114,188,199],"synchronous":[100],"blockchain":[101],"communication.":[102],"By":[103],"leveraging":[104],"third-party":[105,128],"steps":[106],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">verifiable":[110,135],"witness":[111],"encryption":[112],"based":[113],"threshold":[115,257],"signatures</i>":[116],"(VweTS),":[117],"OSwap":[118,157,168,210,265],"allows":[119],"privacy-conscious":[120],"traders":[121],"independently,":[125],"interactive":[127],"involvement.":[129],"It":[130],"also":[131,232],"integrates":[132],"timed":[136],"discrete":[137],"logarithm</i>":[138],"schemes":[139],"support":[141],"redemption":[143],"under":[144,158],"abnormal":[145],"cases,":[146],"maintaining":[147],"and":[149,249,255],"indistinguishability.":[150],"We":[151,166],"formally":[152],"prove":[153],"security":[155],"of":[156,214,237],"universal":[160],"composable":[161],"framework":[162],"static":[164],"corruption.":[165],"compare":[167],"closest":[171],"existing":[172],"successful":[175],"swap,":[182],"where":[183],"holding":[186,197],"pays":[194],"counterparty":[196],"first.":[205],"The":[206],"comparison":[207],"demonstrates":[208],"reduces":[211],"number":[213],"required":[215],"transactions":[216],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2n_{1}":[221],"+":[222,229],"2n_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[223],"2n_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[230],"while":[231],"supporting":[233],"a":[234],"broader":[235],"range":[236],"signature":[238],"types.":[239],"Moreover,":[240],"when":[241],"fewer":[242],"than":[243],"4":[244],"third":[245],"parties":[246],"are":[247,261],"involved":[248],"both":[250],"value":[258],"VweTS":[260],"set":[262],"1,":[264],"achieves":[266],"lower":[267],"running":[268],"time":[269],"cost.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
