{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412802410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3592230","title":"Hiding Faces in Plain Sight: Defending DeepFakes by Disrupting Face Detection","display_name":"Hiding Faces in Plain Sight: Defending DeepFakes by Disrupting Face Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412802410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3592230"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3592230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3592230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Delong Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9410-8173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Delong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9410-8173","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052012464","display_name":"Yuezun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9299-1945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuezun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9299-1945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068027800","display_name":"Baoyuan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-5990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoyuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-5990","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046254454","display_name":"Jiaran Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2943-2806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaran Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2943-2806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhibo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5804-3279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhibo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5804-3279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023752172","display_name":"Siwei Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0992-685X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siwei Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, Getzville, NY, USA","University at Buffalo, SUNY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0992-685X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, Getzville, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, SUNY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2109,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88698828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"7010","last_page":"7024"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9693999886512756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9693999886512756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6476528644561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6318609714508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sight","display_name":"Sight","score":0.5617285966873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5367511510848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.5189573168754578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49721887707710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49600204825401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3739374279975891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.2730841636657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11647731065750122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6476528644561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6318609714508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1517167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134322","display_name":"Sight","level":2,"score":0.5617285966873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5367511510848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.5189573168754578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49721887707710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49600204825401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3739374279975891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2730841636657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11647731065750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3592230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3592230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1669161342","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62076213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G265046017","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2788180536","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021TQ0314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G279609761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62402464","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3961793213","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021QF095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4487050979","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021M703036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4862099128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2024MF083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6479059842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024B1515020095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7841151499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2024QF035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W764651262","https://openalex.org/W1587271286","https://openalex.org/W1755205674","https://openalex.org/W2031614119","https://openalex.org/W2170343586","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2594717275","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2888519208","https://openalex.org/W2913399670","https://openalex.org/W2914447220","https://openalex.org/W2962766044","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962847335","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963307811","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2963684180","https://openalex.org/W2963856926","https://openalex.org/W2966579212","https://openalex.org/W2982058372","https://openalex.org/W3000562546","https://openalex.org/W3034190247","https://openalex.org/W3034196597","https://openalex.org/W3034552680","https://openalex.org/W3034713808","https://openalex.org/W3091059919","https://openalex.org/W3092709185","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3164572690","https://openalex.org/W3166180472","https://openalex.org/W3174807077","https://openalex.org/W3176990204","https://openalex.org/W3186991201","https://openalex.org/W4213019189","https://openalex.org/W4225358741","https://openalex.org/W4225976440","https://openalex.org/W4280520013","https://openalex.org/W4306167666","https://openalex.org/W4312753047","https://openalex.org/W4313177092","https://openalex.org/W4313476637","https://openalex.org/W4319762875","https://openalex.org/W4321231565","https://openalex.org/W4361802097","https://openalex.org/W4366667981","https://openalex.org/W4367316141","https://openalex.org/W4382119919","https://openalex.org/W4384080805","https://openalex.org/W4385801485","https://openalex.org/W4386075893","https://openalex.org/W4386076635","https://openalex.org/W4386159041","https://openalex.org/W4390873047","https://openalex.org/W4390874403","https://openalex.org/W4391992501","https://openalex.org/W4392450507","https://openalex.org/W4393150389","https://openalex.org/W4393158467","https://openalex.org/W4393159920","https://openalex.org/W4402716253","https://openalex.org/W4402727601","https://openalex.org/W4413156301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967587236","https://openalex.org/W2384651879","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W2151699605","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W2133653344","https://openalex.org/W4312081214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face-swapping":[0],"DeepFakes":[1],"have":[2],"become":[3],"an":[4,119],"escalating":[5],"societal":[6],"concern,":[7],"attracting":[8],"increasing":[9],"attention":[10],"in":[11,30,66],"recent":[12],"years.":[13],"To":[14,92],"counter":[15],"this,":[16,94,115],"we":[17,95,116],"investigate":[18],"a":[19,97],"new":[20],"proactive":[21],"defense":[22],"framework":[23,38,150],"to":[24,40,61,110,135,172],"prevent":[25],"individuals":[26],"from":[27],"being":[28],"victimized":[29],"DeepFake":[31,45,68,90,163,174],"videos.":[32],"The":[33,176],"core":[34],"idea":[35],"of":[36,44,89,131,168],"this":[37],"is":[39,151,179],"contaminate":[41],"the":[42,53,71,75,84,141,166],"inputs":[43],"models":[46,164],"by":[47,105],"disrupting":[48,169],"face":[49,56,72,103,155,170],"detectors,":[50,156],"based":[51],"on":[52,153],"observation":[54],"that":[55,122],"detectors":[57,73,104,171],"are":[58],"commonly":[59],"used":[60],"automatically":[62],"extract":[63],"victim":[64],"faces":[65,76],"most":[67],"techniques.":[69],"Once":[70],"malfunction,":[74],"will":[77],"not":[78],"be":[79],"correctly":[80],"extracted,":[81],"thereby":[82],"impairing":[83],"training":[85],"or":[86],"synthesis":[87],"stages":[88],"models.":[91],"achieve":[93],"describe":[96],"strategy":[98,121],"named":[99],"FacePoison,":[100],"which":[101],"fools":[102],"adding":[106],"dedicated":[107],"adversarial":[108],"perturbations":[109],"video":[111,128],"frames.":[112],"Building":[113],"upon":[114],"introduce":[117],"VideoFacePoison,":[118],"extended":[120],"can":[123],"efficiently":[124],"propagate":[125],"FacePoison":[126],"across":[127],"frames":[129],"instead":[130],"applying":[132],"it":[133],"individually":[134],"each":[136],"frame,":[137],"thus":[138],"significantly":[139],"reducing":[140],"computational":[142],"overhead":[143],"while":[144],"retaining":[145],"favorable":[146],"attack":[147],"performance.":[148],"This":[149],"validated":[152],"five":[154],"and":[157],"extensive":[158],"experiments":[159],"against":[160],"eleven":[161],"different":[162],"demonstrate":[165],"effectiveness":[167],"hinder":[173],"generation.":[175],"source":[177],"code":[178],"publicly":[180],"available":[181],"at:":[182],"https://github.com/OUC-VAS/FacePoison.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
