{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412610100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3591785","title":"Towards Authorization and Batch Validation for NFTs: A Cryptographic Generic Framework","display_name":"Towards Authorization and Batch Validation for NFTs: A Cryptographic Generic Framework","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412610100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3591785"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3591785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3591785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453420","display_name":"Tao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-9704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-9704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022866613","display_name":"Keyong Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9995-4329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keyong Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9995-4329","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000988425","display_name":"Bo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-1209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-1209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650552","display_name":"Qiliang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3059-1900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093776","display_name":"DHC Software (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kn8e190","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093776"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiliang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Koal Software Company, Ltd, Shanghai, China","Koal Software Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3059-1900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Koal Software Company, Ltd, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093776"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Koal Software Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025854267","display_name":"Haiyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1815-0328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenzheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3888-0229"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology On Communication Security Laboratory, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3888-0229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology On Communication Security Laboratory, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0856539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"6878","last_page":"6895"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.928600013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9006999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7688306570053101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6543136239051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authorization","display_name":"Authorization","score":0.6419928669929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.5284045934677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.4896717369556427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.47502025961875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36792850494384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3613434433937073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7688306570053101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6543136239051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108759981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788590","display_name":"Authorization","level":2,"score":0.6419928669929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.5284045934677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.4896717369556427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.47502025961875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36792850494384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3613434433937073}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3591785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3591785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2537888231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2001205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521680667","https://openalex.org/W1743877615","https://openalex.org/W2018639540","https://openalex.org/W2033336908","https://openalex.org/W2051067740","https://openalex.org/W2065185979","https://openalex.org/W2116467012","https://openalex.org/W2118085659","https://openalex.org/W2134314852","https://openalex.org/W2146913416","https://openalex.org/W2167343587","https://openalex.org/W2403682575","https://openalex.org/W2517744317","https://openalex.org/W3031401400","https://openalex.org/W3128902306","https://openalex.org/W3135041516","https://openalex.org/W3213446005","https://openalex.org/W4210703609","https://openalex.org/W4210861214","https://openalex.org/W4212946777","https://openalex.org/W4213132988","https://openalex.org/W4223466411","https://openalex.org/W4285139139","https://openalex.org/W4295132062","https://openalex.org/W4366088224","https://openalex.org/W4367047077","https://openalex.org/W4379803686","https://openalex.org/W4385012554"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904818008","https://openalex.org/W2904314268","https://openalex.org/W1982325601","https://openalex.org/W4240432851","https://openalex.org/W2289378658","https://openalex.org/W1531360494","https://openalex.org/W1988007309","https://openalex.org/W154233216","https://openalex.org/W2023361932","https://openalex.org/W66756909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,127],"rapid":[1],"growth":[2],"in":[3,92,97],"the":[4,26,38,42,76,82,88,93,98,102,132,155,168,172],"NFT":[5,43,89],"(Non-fungible":[6],"token)":[7],"market":[8],"has":[9],"offered":[10],"a":[11,62,85,105,109,119,140,146],"wide":[12],"variety":[13],"of":[14,25,71,104,131,154,182],"opportunities":[15],"for":[16,65],"scammers,":[17],"fraudsters,":[18],"wash":[19],"tradings,":[20],"and":[21,36,47,54,68,129,145,192],"so":[22],"on.":[23],"One":[24],"most":[27],"urgent":[28],"security":[29],"issues":[30],"is":[31,90,190],"how":[32],"to":[33,40,84,112,171,175],"efficiently":[34],"authorize":[35,81],"validate":[37],"ownership":[39,66,83,103],"make":[41],"ecosystem":[44],"avoid":[45],"infringement":[46],"counterfeiting.":[48],"By":[49],"exploiting":[50],"linear":[51],"homomorphic":[52,142],"tagging":[53],"robust":[55,147],"digital":[56,77],"watermarking":[57,148],"technologies,":[58],"this":[59,74],"article":[60],"proposes":[61],"generic":[63,156],"framework":[64,134,189],"authorization":[67],"batch":[69,125],"validation":[70,110,169],"NFTs.":[72],"Within":[73],"framework,":[75],"artwork":[78],"creators":[79],"can":[80,107,166],"buyer":[86],"before":[87],"minted":[91],"public":[94,173],"blockchain.":[95],"Anytime":[96],"future":[99],"who":[100],"questions":[101],"claimant":[106],"initiate":[108],"procedure":[111,170],"get":[113],"an":[114],"auditing":[115],"report":[116],"by":[117,138],"running":[118],"Challenge-Response":[120],"protocol":[121],"that":[122],"supports":[123],"efficient":[124],"verification.":[126],"completeness":[128],"soundness":[130],"proposed":[133,188],"have":[135,185],"been":[136],"proven":[137],"assuming":[139],"secure":[141],"tag":[143],"scheme":[144],"scheme.":[149],"We":[150],"also":[151],"present":[152],"instantiations":[153],"construction,":[157],"especially":[158],"with":[159],"<inline-formula":[160],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[161],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[162],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\Pi":[163],"_{Pub}$</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[164],"one":[165],"outsource":[167],"blockchain":[174],"release":[176],"local":[177],"computation":[178],"burden.":[179],"A":[180],"series":[181],"elaborated":[183],"experiments":[184],"shown":[186],"our":[187],"practical":[191],"efficient.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-14T23:14:49.485078","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}