{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409132023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3557423","title":"PrivBox: Privacy-Preserving Deep Packet Inspection With Dual Double-Masking Obfuscated Rule Generation","display_name":"PrivBox: Privacy-Preserving Deep Packet Inspection With Dual Double-Masking Obfuscated Rule Generation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409132023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3557423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3557423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3557423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030109120","display_name":"Pengfei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0896-9476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0896-9476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081596329","display_name":"Jianting Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7165-398X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianting Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7165-398X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031931063","display_name":"Xinyi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0070-1707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0070-1707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038663309","display_name":"Rongmao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5113-387X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongmao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5113-387X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056376119","display_name":"Kai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9728-4051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23632641","display_name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4tny03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9728-4051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001485404","display_name":"Kaitai Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0262-7678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaitai Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, The Netherlands","Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0262-7678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90155288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"4954","last_page":"4970"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-packet-inspection","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","score":0.8221319317817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8057194948196411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masking","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","score":0.5361769795417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.5054383277893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4723842144012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4358530044555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.348449170589447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204679922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734252","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","level":3,"score":0.8221319317817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8057194948196411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.5361769795417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.5054383277893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4723842144012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4358530044555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.348449170589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3557423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3557423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1611947856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4474614340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22QA1403800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327803","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5371332048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62425205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5669255772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G869780927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62122092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327803","display_name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589034595","https://openalex.org/W1997859100","https://openalex.org/W2052491126","https://openalex.org/W2052605513","https://openalex.org/W2060985761","https://openalex.org/W2062805799","https://openalex.org/W2095708839","https://openalex.org/W2379987282","https://openalex.org/W2487561892","https://openalex.org/W2537766808","https://openalex.org/W2603792932","https://openalex.org/W2612070316","https://openalex.org/W2612544399","https://openalex.org/W2726576305","https://openalex.org/W2734383261","https://openalex.org/W2743556905","https://openalex.org/W2764080192","https://openalex.org/W2790063371","https://openalex.org/W2794657001","https://openalex.org/W2947108274","https://openalex.org/W2963065250","https://openalex.org/W2966910544","https://openalex.org/W2982234143","https://openalex.org/W2983433342","https://openalex.org/W3086424741","https://openalex.org/W3171249834","https://openalex.org/W3194778053","https://openalex.org/W4225654613","https://openalex.org/W4295935045","https://openalex.org/W4383503674","https://openalex.org/W4390908063","https://openalex.org/W4401908411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544967040","https://openalex.org/W2594425278","https://openalex.org/W2347338493","https://openalex.org/W2797286879","https://openalex.org/W3081694532","https://openalex.org/W4226031521","https://openalex.org/W3160314615","https://openalex.org/W2381288267","https://openalex.org/W2155469080","https://openalex.org/W2299887038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"network":[1],"middleboxes":[2,19],"have":[3],"been":[4],"deployed":[5],"to":[6,60,170,175],"perform":[7],"<italic":[8,29,51,68,121,148],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[9,30,52,69,122,149],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">deep":[10],"packet":[11,15],"inspection</i>":[12],"(DPI)":[13],"over":[14,41],"payloads.":[16],"However,":[17,64],"such":[18],"cannot":[20],"accomplish":[21],"their":[22],"tasks":[23],"when":[24,206],"the":[25,35,75,82,98,108,114,130,166],"traffic":[26],"is":[27,141,182,196,209],"encrypted.":[28],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">BlindBox</i>":[31],"(SIGCOMM":[32],"2015)":[33],"provided":[34],"first":[36],"solution":[37],"for":[38,184,200],"performing":[39],"DPI":[40,126],"encrypted":[42,62],"traffic.":[43],"To":[44],"improve":[45],"its":[46,101],"efficiency,":[47],"a":[48,57,65,90,124,144,156,185],"later":[49],"proposal":[50,67],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">PrivDPI</i>":[53],"(CCS":[54],"2019)":[55],"introduced":[56],"practical":[58,138,197],"technique":[59,146],"generate":[61],"rules.":[63],"recent":[66],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">P2DPI</i>":[70],"(ASIACCS":[71],"2021)":[72],"showed":[73],"that":[74,97,128,194],"rule":[76,109,153],"generator":[77],"in":[78],"PrivDPI":[79,171],"can":[80,103],"comprise":[81],"user's":[83],"privacy.":[84],"In":[85],"this":[86],"paper,":[87],"we":[88],"present":[89,120],"new":[91,125,145],"attack":[92],"on":[93,143,165],"P2DPI":[94],"and":[95,119,172,198],"show":[96],"privacy":[99,132],"of":[100,116,158,187],"endpoints":[102],"still":[104],"be":[105],"compromised":[106],"by":[107],"generator.":[110],"We":[111],"comprehensively":[112],"analyze":[113],"vulnerability":[115],"prior":[117],"studies":[118],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">PrivBox</i>,":[123],"system":[127],"achieves":[129,161],"same":[131],"guarantee":[133],"as":[134],"BlindBox":[135],"while":[136],"maintaining":[137],"efficiency.":[139],"This":[140],"based":[142],"called":[147],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">dual":[150],"double-masking":[151],"obfuscated":[152],"generation</i>.":[154],"For":[155],"ruleset":[157],"3,000,":[159],"PrivBox":[160,195],"connection":[162],"establishment":[163],"time":[164],"endpoint":[167],"side":[168],"comparable":[169],"supports":[173],"up":[174],"4,672":[176],"token":[177,207],"encryptions":[178],"per":[179],"second,":[180],"which":[181],"sufficient":[183],"number":[186],"real-world":[188],"applications.":[189],"Overall,":[190],"our":[191],"experiment":[192],"demonstrates":[193],"well-suited":[199],"short,":[201],"frequently":[202],"established":[203],"sessions,":[204],"especially":[205],"repeating":[208],"common.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
