{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409019989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3556468","title":"CovertPower: A Covert Channel on Android Devices Through USB Power Line","display_name":"CovertPower: A Covert Channel on Android Devices Through USB Power Line","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409019989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3556468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3556468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3556468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008246763","display_name":"Riccardo Spolaor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3878-7940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Spolaor","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4714-0092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016041143","display_name":"Veelasha Moonsamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-2182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veelasha Moonsamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horst Görtz Institute for IT Security, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","Horst Görtz Institute for IT Security, Ruhr University Bochumt, Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horst Görtz Institute for IT Security, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horst Görtz Institute for IT Security, Ruhr University Bochumt, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063847107","display_name":"Mauro Conti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Conti","raw_affiliation_strings":["SPRITZ Security Group, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SPRITZ Security Group, University of Padua, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100692488","display_name":"Xiuzhen Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5912-4647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuzhen Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008246763"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0705,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96211125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"4911","last_page":"4926"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7110772132873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usb","display_name":"USB","score":0.648576557636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.567842960357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.42114144563674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4135643541812897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.348755806684494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3445218503475189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2987864017486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.1058448851108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.07143467664718628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7110772132873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507366226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42378","display_name":"USB","level":3,"score":0.648576557636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.567842960357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.42114144563674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4135643541812897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.348755806684494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3445218503475189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2987864017486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.1058448851108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.07143467664718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3556468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3556468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3557940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3557940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5427978054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2024MF149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8611438152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62350410480","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1811605617","https://openalex.org/W2034190452","https://openalex.org/W2060692877","https://openalex.org/W2111643688","https://openalex.org/W2293242834","https://openalex.org/W2520314336","https://openalex.org/W2563009067","https://openalex.org/W2593459094","https://openalex.org/W2611887307","https://openalex.org/W2744703251","https://openalex.org/W2888764778","https://openalex.org/W2889492802","https://openalex.org/W2958669826","https://openalex.org/W2963279879","https://openalex.org/W2970952103","https://openalex.org/W2982768540","https://openalex.org/W2999774832","https://openalex.org/W3011440978","https://openalex.org/W3083775947","https://openalex.org/W3128343893","https://openalex.org/W3137792409","https://openalex.org/W3164146938","https://openalex.org/W4200426111","https://openalex.org/W4205906612","https://openalex.org/W4225476734","https://openalex.org/W4226275314","https://openalex.org/W4244726870","https://openalex.org/W4285228252","https://openalex.org/W4296918512","https://openalex.org/W4361854455","https://openalex.org/W4385413520","https://openalex.org/W4386260584","https://openalex.org/W4387264576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360288732","https://openalex.org/W2379137242","https://openalex.org/W2758694247","https://openalex.org/W2356928735","https://openalex.org/W2367116219","https://openalex.org/W2382617248","https://openalex.org/W2386142251","https://openalex.org/W2393106355","https://openalex.org/W2391103945","https://openalex.org/W1565885216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Android":[0,58],"operating":[1],"system":[2],"restricts":[3],"access":[4],"to":[5,15,32,157],"data":[6,9,35,51,69],"by":[7,52],"enabling":[8],"control":[10],"flow":[11],"and":[12,29,115,136,146,169],"permission":[13],"systems":[14],"reduce":[16],"the":[17,61,83,117,122],"risk":[18],"of":[19,124,155],"information":[20],"theft.":[21],"Therefore,":[22,107],"attackers":[23],"are":[24],"constantly":[25],"looking":[26],"for":[27],"alternative":[28],"stealthy":[30],"approaches":[31],"exfiltrate":[33],"private":[34],"from":[36],"a":[37,44,71,92,108,128,152,161],"targeted":[38],"device.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"presents":[42],"CovertPower,":[43],"covert":[45],"channel":[46],"attack":[47,126,150],"that":[48,96],"exfiltrates":[49],"user":[50],"actively":[53],"inducing":[54],"power":[55,79,88],"consumption":[56,80,89],"on":[57,132,166],"devices.":[59],"At":[60],"transmitting":[62],"end,":[63,85],"our":[64,125],"CovertPower":[65],"app":[66],"modulates":[67],"binary":[68],"into":[70],"timed":[72],"resource":[73],"workload":[74],"(e.g.,":[75],"processor,":[76],"write-on-memory),":[77],"producing":[78],"bursts.":[81],"On":[82],"receiving":[84],"we":[86],"acquire":[87],"traces":[90,114],"via":[91],"low-cost":[93],"hardware":[94],"tool":[95],"can":[97],"be":[98],"easily":[99],"concealed":[100],"in":[101],"USB":[102],"wall-socket":[103],"adapters":[104],"or":[105],"powerbanks.":[106],"signal":[109],"processing-based":[110],"decoder":[111],"analyzes":[112],"such":[113,140],"retrieves":[116],"exfiltrated":[118],"information.":[119],"We":[120],"demonstrate":[121],"feasibility":[123],"with":[127,160],"thorough":[129],"experimental":[130],"evaluation":[131],"14":[133],"mobile":[134],"devices":[135,168],"various":[137],"real-world":[138],"settings":[139,170],"as":[141],"display":[142],"state,":[143],"ongoing":[144],"activities,":[145],"charging":[147],"technologies.":[148],"Our":[149],"achieves":[151],"transfer":[153],"speed":[154],"up":[156],"10":[158],"bps":[159],"high":[162],"bit":[163],"sequence":[164],"similarity":[165],"most":[167],"considered.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}