{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408357943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3550568","title":"A Covert and Efficient Attack on FPGA Cloud Based on Adaptive RON","display_name":"A Covert and Efficient Attack on FPGA Cloud Based on Adaptive RON","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408357943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3550568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3550568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3550568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085380242","display_name":"She Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9061-4238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"She Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9061-4238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370333","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5416-0649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5416-0649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457703","display_name":"Zhe Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-6056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102312791","display_name":"Shize Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9718-1321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shize Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90147433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"4641","last_page":"4653"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8137902021408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6974797248840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6452336311340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.5075985193252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.47623780369758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3833989202976227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32947853207588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.24780961871147156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8137902021408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6974797248840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6452336311340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.5075985193252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.47623780369758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3833989202976227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32947853207588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.24780961871147156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3550568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3550568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1643721902","https://openalex.org/W2122941380","https://openalex.org/W2160055399","https://openalex.org/W2761003783","https://openalex.org/W2794898833","https://openalex.org/W2798781612","https://openalex.org/W2915743430","https://openalex.org/W2934754865","https://openalex.org/W2945172997","https://openalex.org/W2945378913","https://openalex.org/W2966980899","https://openalex.org/W2969965903","https://openalex.org/W2973060714","https://openalex.org/W2973780393","https://openalex.org/W2987827054","https://openalex.org/W3002097482","https://openalex.org/W3007640322","https://openalex.org/W3009761835","https://openalex.org/W3014400029","https://openalex.org/W3016064750","https://openalex.org/W3036146501","https://openalex.org/W3093685770","https://openalex.org/W3094368341","https://openalex.org/W3155198371","https://openalex.org/W3175162501","https://openalex.org/W3178931952","https://openalex.org/W3181637428","https://openalex.org/W3183712254","https://openalex.org/W3190249143","https://openalex.org/W3194922745","https://openalex.org/W3213911739","https://openalex.org/W3214385046","https://openalex.org/W4200482086","https://openalex.org/W4200501761","https://openalex.org/W4210258659","https://openalex.org/W4210567646","https://openalex.org/W4210985023","https://openalex.org/W4242164861","https://openalex.org/W4245276998","https://openalex.org/W4285070399","https://openalex.org/W4285503642","https://openalex.org/W4290648676","https://openalex.org/W4321637094","https://openalex.org/W4378800927","https://openalex.org/W4379115845","https://openalex.org/W4388820968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2523525694","https://openalex.org/W2998642566","https://openalex.org/W2392682561","https://openalex.org/W57793151","https://openalex.org/W2804882289","https://openalex.org/W2727423897","https://openalex.org/W2096844293","https://openalex.org/W2363944576","https://openalex.org/W2351041855","https://openalex.org/W2570254841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,147],"security":[1,51,162],"of":[2,52,87,97,107,164,192,195],"the":[3,34,50,53,84,90,95,98,101,104,108,135,156,165,170,190,193,198,202],"FPGA":[4,35,54,166],"cloud":[5,36,167],"has":[6],"become":[7],"a":[8,30,39,59,75,131],"major":[9],"concern":[10],"for":[11,125,181],"both":[12],"industry":[13],"and":[14,37,41,77,103,129,161,197],"academia":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,64,82,122,168],"its":[18],"widespread":[19],"use":[20],"in":[21,33,89],"many":[22],"vital":[23],"domains.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"article,":[27],"we":[28,57,73,115,141,175,188],"expose":[29],"hardware":[31],"vulnerability":[32],"demonstrate":[38,176],"covert":[40],"efficient":[42],"denial-of-service":[43],"(DoS)":[44],"attack":[45,109,133],"method":[46,152,178],"that":[47,150],"severely":[48],"threatens":[49],"cloud.":[55],"First,":[56],"adopt":[58],"flip-flop-based":[60],"ring":[61,68],"oscillator":[62,69],"(RO)":[63],"construct":[65],"an":[66,117,126],"adaptive":[67,91,99,118],"network":[70],"(RON).":[71],"Second,":[72],"devise":[74],"power":[76,102],"temperature-based":[78],"resource":[79],"adjustment":[80],"algorithm":[81,121],"decide":[83],"maximum":[85],"number":[86,194],"ROs":[88,196],"RON.":[92],"By":[93],"constraining":[94],"size":[96],"RON,":[100],"thermal":[105],"footprint":[106],"process":[110],"can":[111,153],"be":[112],"reduced.":[113],"Finally,":[114],"design":[116,157],"frequency":[119,128],"sweeping":[120],"automatically":[123],"search":[124],"effective":[127],"perform":[130],"successful":[132],"on":[134,145,201],"FPGA.":[136,171],"To":[137],"validate":[138],"our":[139,151,177],"method,":[140],"conduct":[142],"exemplary":[143],"attacks":[144],"FPGAs.":[146],"results":[148],"reveal":[149],"successfully":[154],"bypass":[155],"rule":[158],"checking":[159],"(DRC)":[160],"measures":[163],"crash":[169],"Besides":[172],"high-end":[173],"FPGAs,":[174],"is":[179],"suitable":[180],"some":[182],"FPGAs":[183],"with":[184],"moderate":[185],"performance.":[186],"Furthermore,":[187],"discuss":[189],"impact":[191],"duty":[199],"cycle":[200],"proposed":[203],"method.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}