{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407448657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3542104","title":"Joint Mean-Field Game and Multiagent Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic for Edge Intelligence-Based IoT Malware Propagation Defense","display_name":"Joint Mean-Field Game and Multiagent Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic for Edge Intelligence-Based IoT Malware Propagation Defense","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407448657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3542104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3542104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3542104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030903260","display_name":"Shigen Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7558-5379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018263800","display_name":"Huzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvpxy20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shigen Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101334600","display_name":"Chenpeng Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8856-7557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018263800","display_name":"Huzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvpxy20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenpeng Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021656350","display_name":"Yizhou Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3769-7193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhou Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085123220","display_name":"Xiaoping Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3588-9001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018263800","display_name":"Huzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvpxy20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoping Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072204073","display_name":"Wenlong Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6733-1056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018263800","display_name":"Huzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvpxy20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenlong Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005228053","display_name":"Shui Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-6743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shui Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030903260"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.0249,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99660581,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"3824","last_page":"3838"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9311000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7777668237686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.6522117853164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.6215155720710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.5568921566009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5350768566131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5077449083328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.49401170015335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.46977418661117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.44153261184692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4392131268978119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.42615532875061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3579091429710388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2845410704612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08800807595252991}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7777668237686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.6522117853164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.6215155720710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.5568921566009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5350768566131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5077449083328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.49401170015335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46977418661117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.44153261184692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4392131268978119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.42615532875061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3579091429710388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2845410704612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08800807595252991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3542104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2025.3542104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012516112","https://openalex.org/W2038686546","https://openalex.org/W2890946036","https://openalex.org/W2892808760","https://openalex.org/W2900633536","https://openalex.org/W2906719522","https://openalex.org/W2950865323","https://openalex.org/W2951187092","https://openalex.org/W2963265635","https://openalex.org/W2963832942","https://openalex.org/W2963893085","https://openalex.org/W2963934958","https://openalex.org/W2971544482","https://openalex.org/W2982316857","https://openalex.org/W2993716719","https://openalex.org/W2995496823","https://openalex.org/W3013198216","https://openalex.org/W3015015459","https://openalex.org/W3022000025","https://openalex.org/W3045854076","https://openalex.org/W3084423993","https://openalex.org/W3088451060","https://openalex.org/W3095411654","https://openalex.org/W3104227430","https://openalex.org/W3112887103","https://openalex.org/W3140381130","https://openalex.org/W3161272383","https://openalex.org/W3164891553","https://openalex.org/W3167586364","https://openalex.org/W3210090000","https://openalex.org/W3212923306","https://openalex.org/W4214483364","https://openalex.org/W4226452241","https://openalex.org/W4280572029","https://openalex.org/W4291474832","https://openalex.org/W4306786778","https://openalex.org/W4313368240","https://openalex.org/W4322627042","https://openalex.org/W4383753794","https://openalex.org/W4386090462","https://openalex.org/W4388905985","https://openalex.org/W4394610820","https://openalex.org/W4394698935","https://openalex.org/W6678168664","https://openalex.org/W6747941106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W1764168690","https://openalex.org/W2537959205","https://openalex.org/W2740895074","https://openalex.org/W2772446090","https://openalex.org/W4284893819","https://openalex.org/W3152891574","https://openalex.org/W4316881845","https://openalex.org/W2975527072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Defending":[0],"Edge":[1],"intelligence-based":[2],"Internet":[3],"of":[4,31,41,48,58,101,171],"Things":[5],"(EIoT)":[6],"systems":[7],"by":[8,23],"controlling":[9],"malware":[10,32,42,92,151,190],"propagation":[11,33,93,152,191],"has":[12],"become":[13],"a":[14,44,78,113],"critical":[15],"issue.":[16],"Herein,":[17],"we":[18,139],"meet":[19],"new":[20],"challenges":[21],"brought":[22],"multiple":[24],"attackers":[25],"and":[26,65,67,87,111,127,168,184],"defenders":[27],"for":[28,70],"effective":[29],"mitigation":[30],"in":[34,89,148],"EIoT.":[35],"To":[36],"explore":[37],"the":[38,55,83,90,99,103,134,149,163,169,188],"dynamic":[39],"changes":[40,57],"propagation,":[43],"state":[45,72],"transition":[46],"diagram":[47],"IoT":[49],"nodes":[50],"is":[51],"proposed":[52],"to":[53,132,195],"describe":[54],"mutual":[56],"five":[59],"states:":[60],"infected,":[61],"active,":[62],"dormant,":[63],"isolated,":[64],"hardened,":[66],"differential":[68],"equations":[69],"each":[71],"are":[73],"established.":[74],"We":[75,96],"then":[76],"build":[77],"mean-field":[79,125],"game":[80,104,126],"model":[81],"representing":[82],"interactions":[84],"between":[85],"multiattackers":[86],"multidefenders":[88],"EIoT":[91,150,197],"defense":[94,136,192],"environment.":[95,154],"further":[97],"convert":[98],"problem":[100],"solving":[102],"into":[105],"an":[106],"MDP":[107],"(Markov":[108],"Decision":[109],"Process)":[110],"propose":[112],"distributed":[114],"algorithm":[115,142,161],"called":[116],"MFGA3C":[117,143,160,182],"(Mean-Field":[118],"Game-based":[119],"Asynchronous":[120],"Advantage":[121],"Actor-Critic)":[122],"that":[123,158,181],"combines":[124],"multiagent":[128],"asynchronous":[129],"advantage":[130],"actor-critic":[131],"learn":[133],"optimal":[135,189],"policy.":[137],"Finally,":[138],"compare":[140],"our":[141,159],"with":[144],"other":[145],"benchmark":[146],"algorithms":[147],"countermeasure":[153],"Experimental":[155],"results":[156],"show":[157],"dominates":[162],"average":[164],"reward,":[165,167],"total":[166],"number":[170],"successful":[172],"defenses":[173],"under":[174],"three":[175],"typical":[176],"EIoT-environmental":[177],"conditions,":[178],"which":[179],"indicates":[180],"faster":[183],"more":[185],"robustly":[186],"learns":[187],"policy,":[193],"contributing":[194],"protecting":[196],"systems.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}